https://doi.org/10.4081/rio.2023.667
Spontaneous renaturalization of open ecosystems in the hills of Brescia seen through the bird community
Submitted: 11 December 2022
Accepted: 17 May 2023
Published: 4 July 2023
Accepted: 17 May 2023
Abstract Views: 1048
PDF: 428
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
The sun-exposed open areas of the Brescia hills overlooking the Po Valley (Avanalpica region) were created by man starting from the 11th century. After the Second World War, following agro-pastoral abandonment, these areas have significantly shrunk. The evolution underway is towards the deciduous forest although in some areas the strong presence of quarries is blocking the vegetational succession or delaying it. Local birds are now largely associated with woodland coenosis and more scarcely with open areas, shrublands and wood edges. Seven open areas species have become extinct over the past 30 years: Woodchat Shrike, Barred Warbler, Rufous-tailed Rock-Thrush, Eastern Black-eared Wheatear, Tawny Pipit, Corn Bunting and Ortolan Bunting. Others, like Red-backed Shrike, Common Whitethroat, Cirl Bunting and Wood Lark have declined. Only the generalist Sardinian Warbler and Blue Rock-Thrush, typical of rocky areas with grassy spaces, are still relatively widespread although slightly decreasing. The Cirl Bunting, a species linked to traditional vineyards and orchards, is not expanding in the new intensively cultivated lands. The Eastern Subalpine Warbler is on the rise even though, due to its very low presence and lack of specific surveys, it may not have been detected in the past. The factors determining the presence of these species, i.e. traditional crops, flat open areas, soils with low grass and often with outcropping and/or rocky substrate, are in sharp decline. We can state that this bird community is negatively influenced by the percentage of tree cover and positively influenced by the presence of quarries which, however, represent an ephemeral and strongly impacting environment. In the absence of fires and/or natural disasters as well as human interventions, which are not likely to occur due to their poor economic sustainability, the prognosis for these birds is to be considered poor and a reduction in both bird and general biodiversity is to be expected.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Citations
PlumX Metrics
PlumX Metrics provide insights into the ways people interact with individual pieces of research output (articles, conference proceedings, book chapters, and many more) in the online environment. Collectively known as PlumX Metrics, these metrics are divided into five categories to help make sense of the huge amounts of data involved and to enable analysis by comparing like with like.
AA.VV., 2015 – Altopiano di Cariadeghe: conservazione di ambienti prativi di interesse comunitario e di habitat per l’avifauna nidificante e migratoria. Fondazione Lombardia per l’Ambiente e Comune di Serle.
Açaí Bracho Estévanez C., 2021 – A case of spatial coexistence among Black Wheatear Oenanthe leucura, Black-eared Wheatear Oenanthe hispanica and Blue Rock-Thrush Monticola solitarius in the Western Mediterranean. Avocetta 45 (1): 95-103. <https://doi.org/10.30456/AVO.2021102>
Andreis C., 1991 – Lineamenti vegetazionali pre-agricoli della pianura e della collina bresciana. In: Il paesaggio bresciano. Trasformazione e problemi. Atti del convegno di studi. AA.VV. Ateneo di Brescia e Fondazione Banca Credito agrario bresciano, Brescia: 53-72.
Archetti G., 1998 – Tempus vindemie: per la storia delle vigne e del vino nell’Europa medievale. Fondazione civiltà bresciana, Brescia.
Armiraglio S., 2020 – Biodiversità nel comune di Brescia. In: Relazione sullo stato dell’Ambiente del Comune di Brescia secondo il metodo DPSIR. AA.VV. Comune di Brescia.
Bani L., Luppi M. & Orioli V., 2016 – Monitoraggio dell’avifauna nidificante in Lombardia. Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e della Terra e Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca.
Barton K., 2022 – MuMIn: Multi-Model Inference. R package version 1.46.
Bartorelli U., 1967 – Tavole numeriche dell’assolazione annua. Annuali dell’Accademia Italiana di Scienze Forestali, 16: 61-83.
Basso M. & Piva L. (eds.), 2019 – Atlante degli uccelli nidificanti in provincia di Padova (2006-2010). Associazione Faunisti Veneti.
Belfanti M. & Taccolini M. (eds.), 2008 – La rivoluzione verde del XX secolo, in Storia dell’agricoltura bresciana. Fondazione Civiltà Bresciana, Brescia, III.
Benayas R. J. M., Bullock J. M. & Newton A. C., 2008 – Creating woodland islets to reconcile ecological restoration, conservation, and agricultural land use. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 6 (6): 329-336.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1890/070057
Bertoli R., 2010 – Atlante degli uccelli nidificanti sul massiccio del Monte Guglielmo (Prealpi bresciane, Lombardia, Italia settentrionale). Natura Bresciana, 37: 65-128.
Bibby C. J., Burgess N. D., Hill D. A., Hillis D. M. & Mustoe S., 2000 – Bird census techniques. Elsevier.
Blondel J. & Farré H. 1988 – The convergent trajectories of bird communities along ecological successions in European forests. Oecologia, 75: 83-93.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00378818
Bogliani G., Cova C. & Polani F., 2003 – La natura tra Nure e Scrivia. Il territorio del Giardino di Pietra Corva. Provincia di Pavia, Pavia.
Boni A., Cassinis G., Cavallaro E., Cerro A., Fugazza F., Zezza F., Venzo S. & Medioli F., 1968 – Carta Geologica d’Italia alla scala 1:100.000, Fg. 47 Brescia. II edizione. Poligrafica & Cartevalori, Ercolano (Na).
Boni A., Cassinis G. & Venzo S., 1970 – Note illustrative della Carta geologica d’Italia alla scala 1:100.000. Fg. 47 Brescia. 1-93. Poligrafica & Cartevalori, Ercolano (Na).
Bosco L., Arlettaz R. & Jacot A., 2019 – Ground greening in vineyards promotes the Woodlark Lullula arborea and their invertebrate prey. Journal of Ornithology, 160 (3): 799-811. <https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-019-01666-7>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-019-01666-7
Boscutti F., Vianello A., Bozzato F. & Casolo V., 2017 – Vegetation structure, species life span, and exotic status elucidate plant succession in a limestone quarry reclamation. Restoration Ecology, 25 (4): 595-604.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12476
Brambilla M. & Guidali F., 2005 – Quando la voce è tutto: l’identificazione delle sottospecie di sterpazzolina Sylvia cantillans. In: Atti XIII Convegno Italiano di Ornitologia. Avocetta, 29 (Special Issue): 154.
Brambilla M. & Rubolini D., 2005 – Caratteristiche macroambientali dell’habitat riproduttivo del Calandro Anthus campestris. In: Atti XIII Convegno Italiano di Ornitologia. Avocetta, 29 (Special Issue): 105.
Brambilla M., Reginato F. & Guidali F., 2007a – Brief report Habitat use by Moltoni’s Warbler Sylvia cantillans moltonii in Italy. Ornis Fennica, 84: 91-96.
Brambilla M., Rubolini D. & Guidali F., 2007b – Between land abandonment and agricultural intensification: Habitat preferences of Red-backed Shrikes Lanius collurio in low-intensity farming conditions. Bird Study, 54 (2): 160-167. <https://doi.org/10.1080/00063650709461471>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00063650709461471
Brambilla M., Guidali F. & Negri I., 2008 – The importance of an agricultural mosaic for Cirl Buntings Emberiza cirlus in Italy. Ibis, 150: 628-632.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00822.x
Brambilla M., Casale F., Bergero V., Crovetto G. M., Falco R., Negri I., Siccardi P. & Bogliani G., 2009a – GIS models work well but are not enough: Habitat preferences of Lanius collurio at multiple levels and conservation implications. Biological Conservation, 142 (10): 2033-2042. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.03.033>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.03.033
Brambilla M., Guidali F.& Negri I., 2009b – Breeding-season habitat associations of the declining Corn Bunting Emberiza calandra - a potential indicator of the overall bunting richness. Ornis Fennica, 86: 41-50.
Brambilla M., Casale F., Bergero V., Bogliani G., Crovetto G. M., Falco R., Roati M. & Negri I., 2010 – Glorious past, uncertain present, bad future? Assessing effects of land-use changes on habitat suitability for a threatened farmland bird species. Biological Conservation, 143 (11): 2770-2778. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.07.025>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.07.025
Brambilla M., Vitulano S., Ferri A., Spina F., Fabbri E. & Randi E., 2012 – An unexpected pattern of migration revealed in the Subalpine Warbler Sylvia cantillans complex by mitochondrial DNA analyses. Ibis, 154 (3): 616-620.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2012.01224.x
Brambilla M., Fulco E., Gustin M. & Celada C., 2013 – Habitat preferences of the threatened Black-eared Wheatear Oenanthe hispanica in southern Italy. Bird Study, 60 (3): 432-435. <https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2013.819831>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2013.819831
Brambilla M., Gustin M., Vitulano S., Negri I. & Celada C., 2016 – A territory scale analysis of habitat preferences of the declining Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana. Bird Study, 63 (1): 52-57. <https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2015.1126219>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2015.1126219
Brambilla M., Gustin M., Fulco E., Sorace A. & Celada C., 2017a – Coarse landscape features predict occurrence, but habitat selection is driven by specific habitat traits: Implications for the conservation of the threatened Woodchat Shrike Lanius senator. Bird Conservation International, 27 (1): 58-70. <https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959270916000034>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959270916000034
Brambilla M., Gustin M., Vitulano S., Falco R., Bergero V., Negri I., Bogliani G. & Celada C., 2017b – Sixty years of habitat decline: impact of land-cover changes in northern Italy on the decreasing Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana. Regional Environmental Change, 17 (2): 323-333. <https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-016-1019-y>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-016-1019-y
Brichetti P., 1992 – Atlante degli Uccelli Nidificanti in provincia di Brescia (Lombardia). Aggiunte 1985-1991. Natura Bresciana, 27: 201-221.
Brichetti P., 1993 – Situazione avifaunistica, aree di particolare interesse e proposte gestionali. In: Studi preliminari per la redazione del Piano della Riserva Naturale “Altopiano di Cariadeghe”. AA.VV. I.G.B., Brescia: 57-65, 168-203.
Brichetti P., 1994 – Situazione dell’avifauna della provincia di Brescia (Lombardia). Aggiornamento 1993. Natura Bresciana, 29: 221-249.
Brichetti P. & Cambi D., 1979 – L’Occhiocotto Sylvia melanocephala (Gmelin) nell’Italia settentrionale. Uccelli d’Italia, 4 (2): 68-78.
Brichetti P. & Cambi D., 1985 – Atlante degli uccelli nidificanti in Provincia di Brescia (Lombardia) 1980-1984. Natura Bresciana, Monografia 8.
Brichetti P. & Fasola M., 1990 – Atlante degli uccelli nidificanti in Lombardia. 1983-87. Editoriale Ramperto, Brescia.
Brichetti P. & Fracasso G., 2007-2015 – Ornitologia italiana. Volumi 4-9. Alberto Perdisa Editore, Bologna e Edizioni Belvedere, Latina.
Brichetti P. & Fracasso G., 2020 – The birds of Italy, vol. 2. Pteroclidae-Locustellidae. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina.
Brichetti P. & Gargioni A., 2005 – Atlante degli uccelli nidificanti nella “bassa” pianura lombarda (Italia settentrionale). Natura Bresciana, 34: 67-146.
Brichetti P. & Gargioni A., 2009 – Atlante degli uccelli nidificanti in provincia di Brescia (Lombardia). Aggiunte 1992-2006. Natura Bresciana, 36: 125-139.
Brichetti P. & Gargioni A., 2016 – Check-list degli uccelli della provincia di Brescia (Lombardia) aggiornata al dicembre 2016. Natura Bresciana, 40: 87-100.
Brichetti P. & Grattini N., 2010 – Distribuzione ed evoluzione delle popolazioni di Bigia padovana Sylvia nisoria nidificanti in Italia nel periodo 1970-2009. Alula, 17 (1-2): 13-22.
Brichetti P. & Grattini N., 2017 – Distribuzione e consistenza delle popolazioni di Averla capirossa Lanius senator nidificanti in Italia settentrionale nel periodo 1980-2016. Alula, 24 (1-2): 29-40.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/rio.2014.216
Brichetti P. & Grattini N., 2018 – Distribuzione ed evoluzione delle popolazioni di Ortolano Emberiza hortulana nidificanti in Italia settentrionale nel periodo 1980-2017. Alula, 25 (1-2): 19-36.
Brunetti M., Maugeri M., Monti F. & Nanni T., 2006 – Temperature and precipitation variability in Italy in the last two centuries from homogenized instrumental time series. International Journal of Climatology, 26 (3): 345-381. <https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1251>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1251
Brusa G., Cerabolini B. E. L., Dalle Fratte M. & De Molli C., 2017 – Protocollo operativo per il monitoraggio regionale degli habitat di interesse comunitario in Lombardia. Versione 1.1. Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Fondazone Lombardia per l’Ambiente e Osservatorio Regionale per la Biodiversità di Regione Lombardia.
Cambi D., 1979 – Contributo allo studio sulla biologia riproduttiva e sulla distribuzione di Sylvia nisoria (Bigia padovana) in Italia. Rivista italiana di Ornitologia, 49: 208-229.
Cambi D. & Micheli A., 1986 – L’avifauna nidificante della “Corna di Savallo” (Prealpi Bresciane, Lombardia): censimento ed ecologia. Natura Bresciana, 22: 103-178.
Capelli M. & Stefani A., 1984 – Caratteri ecologici di un ceduo del monte Maddalena (Brescia). Natura Bresciana, 21: 91-122.
Capra M., 2008 – Per seminare guardavamo la luna. Testimonianze di vita contadina e cultura materiale rurale nel Parco delle Colline di Brescia. Grafo, Brescia.
Capretti C., unpublished – Le trasformazioni del bosco bresciano dall’Ottocento ad oggi attraverso l’analisi dei catasti storici e lo studio della vegetazione attuale. Tesi di Laurea magistrale. Università degli Studi Milano. Anno accademico 2002-2003.
Casale F. & Brambilla M., 2009 – Averla piccola. Ecologia e conservazione. Fondazione Lombardia per l’Ambiente e Regione Lombardia, Milano.
Castillo I., Elorriaga J., Zuberogoitia I., Azkona A., Hidalgo S., Astorkia L., Iraeta A. & Ruiz F., 2008 – Importancia de las canteras sobre las aves rupícolas y problemas derivados de su gestión. Ardeola, 55 (1): 103-110.
Ceresa F., Anderle M., Hilpold L., Maistri R., Niederfriniger O., Sascor R. & Kranebitter P., 2020 – Current distribution and population size of the Barred Warbler Sylvia nisoria in South Tyrol (Italy). Avocetta, 44 (1): 29-31. <https://doi.org/10.30456/AVO.2020101>
Chiatante G., Brambilla M. & Bogliani G., 2014 – Spatially explicit conservation issues for threatened bird species in Mediterranean farmland landscapes. Journal for Nature Conservation, 22 (2): 103-112. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2013.09.006>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2013.09.006
Coreau A. & Martin J. L., 2007 – Multi-scale study of bird species distribution and of their response to vegetation change: A Mediterranean example. Landscape Ecology, 22 (5): 747-764. <https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-006-9074-2>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-006-9074-2
Cramp S. & Perrins C. M. (eds.), 1994 – The Birds of the Western Palearctic, Vol. 9. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Crumley C. L., Kolen J. C. A., de Kleijn M. & van Manen N., 2017 – Studying long-term changes in cultural landscapes: outlines of a research framework and protocol. Landscape Research, 42 (8): 880-890. <https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2017.1386292>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2017.1386292
Donald P. F. & Aebischer N. J. (eds.), 1997 – The ecology and conservation of Corn Bunting Miliaria calandra. Proceedings of a Conference Held at Fordingbridge, Hampshire, 2-3 March 1995. UK Nature Conservation, 13.
Farina A., 1997 – Landscape structure and breeding bird distribution in a sub-Mediterranean agro-ecosystem. Landscape Ecology, 12: 365-378. <https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007934518160>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007934518160
Fox J. & Weisberg S., 2019 – An R Companion to Applied Regression. Third Edition. Sage, London.
Fracasso G., Cerato E., Sattin L. & Bonato R., 2011 – La migrazione della Sterpazzolina comune, Sylvia cantillans, nel Veneto (Passeriformes, Sylviidae). In: Atti 6° Convegno Faunisti Veneti. Bon M., Mezzavilla F., Scarton F. (eds.). Bollettino del Museo di Storia Naturale di Venezia, suppl., 61: 250-258.
Gagliardi A., Bertoli R., Dinetti M. & Gargioni A., 2009 – Presenze avifaunistiche nell’aeroporto “Gabriele D’Annunzio” di Brescia-Montichiari. Natura Bresciana, 36: 63-77.
Germano D., Machado R., Godinho S. & Santos P., 2016 – The impact of abandoned/disused marble quarries on avifauna in the anticline of Estremoz, Portugal: does quarrying add to landscape biodiversity? Landscape Research, 41 (8): 880-891. <https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2016.1174772>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2016.1174772
Gilardelli F., Sgorbati S., Armiraglio S., Citterio S. & Gentili R., 2016 – Assigning plant communities to a successional phase: Time trends in abandoned limestone quarries. Plant Biosystems, 150 (4): 799-808. <https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2015.1011722>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2015.1011722
Gobbini M., 2007 – La Monachella Oenanthe hispanica nel Bresciano: primo censimento delle coppie nidificanti. Picus, 64: 131-134.
Gobbini M., 2010 – Avifauna nidificante del comune di Paitone (Lombardia). Natura Bresciana, 37: 127-134. Gonzalo-Turpin H., Sirami C., Brotons L., Gonzalo L. & Martin J. L., 2008 – Teasing out biological effects and sampling artifacts when using occupancy rate in monitoring programs. Journal of Field Ornithology, 79 (2): 159-169. <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2008.00158.x>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2008.00158.x
Guerrieri G., Santucci B. & Castaldi A., 2001 – Selezione di habitat e riproduzione della Monachella, Oenanthe hispanica, nell’Italia centrale. Rivista italiana di Ornitologia, 71 (1): 27-44.
Guillaumet A. & Prodon R., 2011 – Avian succession along ecological gradients: insight from species-poor and species-rich communities of Sylvia warblers. Current Zoology, 57 (3): 307-317. <https://academic.oup.com/cz/article/57/3/307/1815647>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/57.3.307
Hartig F., 2022 – DHARMa: Residual Diagnostics for Hierarchical (Multi-Level/Mixed) Regression Models. R package version 0.4.5.
Hawkes R. W., Smart J., Brown A., Jones H. & Dolman P. M., 2019 – Experimental evidence that ground disturbance benefits Woodlark Lullula arborea. Ibis, 161 (2): 447-452.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12696
Jiguet F., Arlettaz R., Bauer H. G., Belik V., Copete J. L., Couzi L., Czajkowski M. A., Dale S., Dombrovski V., Elts J., Ferrand Y., Hargues R., Kirwan G. M., Minkevicius S., Piha M., Selstam G., Skierczyñski M., Siblet J.-P. & Sokolov A., 2016 – An update of the European breeding population sizes and trends of the Ortolan Bunting (Emberiza hortulana). Ornis Fennica, 93 (3): 186-196.
Kassambara A. & Mundt F., 2020 – Factoextra: Extract and Visualize the Results of Multivariate Data Analyses. R package version 1.0.7.
Keller V., Herrando S., Voříšek P., Franch M., Kipson M., Milanesi P., Martí D., Anton M., Klvaňová A., Kalyakin M. V., Bauer H.-G. & Foppen R. P. B., 2020 – European Breeding Bird Atlas 2: Distribution, Abundance and Change. European Bird Census Council & Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
Knaus P., Antoniazza S., Wechsler S., Guélat J., Kéry M., Strebel N. & Sattler T., 2018 – Atlante degli uccelli nidificanti in Svizzera 2013-2016. Distribuzione ed evoluzione degli effettivi degli uccelli in Svizzera e nel Liechtenstein. Stazione ornitologica svizzera, Sempach: 424-425.
Kosmidis I., 2021 – Brglm2: Bias Reduction in Generalized Linear Models. R package version 0.7.1.
Laiolo P., 2005 – Spatial and Seasonal Patterns of Bird Communities in Italian Agroecosystems. Conservation Biology, 19 (1): 275-277. <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00207.x>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.004376.x
Lasanta T., Nadal-Romero E. & Arnáez J., 2015 – Managing abandoned farmland to control the impact of re-vegetation on the environment. The state of the art in Europe. Environmental Science & Policy, 52: 99-109.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2015.05.012
Leo R. & Capelli S., 2007 – Accertata nidificazione di Gufo reale (Bubo bubo) in una cava in comune di Rezzato. Natura Bresciana, 35: 185.
Leo R. & Gobbini M., 2013 – I rapaci (Falconiformes) nidificanti delle colline ad est di Brescia (Lombardia orientale). Natura bresciana, 38: 101-108.
Leroux S. J., 2019 – On the prevalence of uninformative parameters in statistical models applying model selection in applied ecology. PLOS ONE, 14 (2): e0206711. <https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206711>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206711
Lozano C. B. & Robson D., 2011 – Subalpine Warbler (Sylvia cantillans) and Moltoni’s Warbler (Sylvia moltonii). Monografies del Museu de Ciències Naturals:182-189.
Maestri F. & Voltolini L., 2013 – Biologia riproduttiva della Tottavilla (Lullula arborea) sulle Prealpi bresciane e gardesane. Natura Bresciana, 38: 109-125.
Marques D. A. & Jacquier S., 2020 – Seltene Vogelarten und ungewöhnliche Vogelbeobachtungen in der Schweiz im Jahre 2012. Der Ornithology Beobachter, 117: 312-337.
Marschner I. C., 2011 – Glm2: Fitting generalized linear models with convergence problems. The R Journal, 3 (2): 12-15.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.32614/RJ-2011-012
Martin J. L. & Thibault J. C. 1996 – Coexistence in Mediterranean warblers: Ecological differences or interspecific territoriality? Journal of Biogeography, 23 (2): 169-178. <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.1996.00028.x>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.1996.00028.x
Martini F., Bona E., Federici G., Fenaroli F. & Perico G. (eds.), 2012 – Flora vascolare della Lombardia centro-orientale. Vol. I. Parte generale. Lint Editoriale, Trieste.
Menant F., 1993 – Campagnes lombardes du Moyen Âge. L’économie et la société rurales dans la région de Bergame, de Crémone et de Brescia du Xe au XIIIe siècle. École française de Rome, Roma, 281. <https://doi.org/10.3406/befar.1993.1232>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/befar.1993.1232
Menz M. H. M. &Arlettaz R., 2012 – The precipitous decline of the Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana: time to build on scientific evidence to inform conservation management. Oryx, 46 (1): 122-129.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605311000032
Micheli A., 2005 – Monachella. In: Atlante degli Uccelli nidificanti e svernanti in provincia di Trento. Pedrini P., Caldonazzi M. & Zanghellini S. (a cura di). Museo tridentino di scienze naturali, Acta Biologica, Trento, 80 (2003) suppl. 2: 411-412.
Moreira F. & Russo D., 2007 – Modelling the impact of agricultural abandonment and wildfires on vertebrate diversity in Mediterranean Europe. Landscape Ecology, 22 (10): 1461-1476.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-007-9125-3
Morelli F., 2013 – Relative importance of marginal vegetation (shrubs, hedgerows, isolated trees) surrogate of HNV farmland for bird species distribution in Central Italy. Ecological Engineering, 57: 261-266. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.04.043>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.04.043
Nardelli R., Andreotti A., Bianchi E., Brambilla M., Brecciaroli B., Celada C., Dupré E., Gustin M., Longoni V., Pirrello S., Spina F., Volponi S. & Serra L., 2015 – Rapporto sull’applicazione della Direttiva 147/2009/CE in Italia: dimensione, distribuzione e trend delle popolazioni di uccelli (2008-2012). ISPRA, Rapporto 219/2015.
Navarro M. L., Proença V., Kaplan O. J. & Pereira M. H., 2015 – Maintaining disturbance-dependent habitats. In: Rewilding European landscapes. Pereira M. H. & Navarro M. L. (eds.). Springer International Publishing: 143-167. <https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12039-3_8>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12039-3_8
Paiola A., Assandri G., Brambilla M., Zottini M., Pedrini P. & Nascimbene J., 2020 – Exploring the potential of vineyards for biodiversity conservation and delivery of biodiversity-mediated ecosystem services: a global-scale systematic review. Science of the Total Environment, 706: 135839. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135839>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135839
Parodi R., 2006 – Check-list degli uccelli del Friuli-Venezia Giulia. Gortania, Atti del Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale, 28: 207-242.
Perego R., Badino F., Deaddis M., Ravazzi C., Vallè F. & Zanon M., 2011 – L’origine del paesaggio agricolo pastorale in nord Italia: espansione di Orlaya grandiflora (L.) Hoffm. nella civiltà palafitticola. Notizie Archeologiche Bergomensi, 19: 161-173.
Pereira H. M., Navarro L. M. & Martins I. S., 2012 – Global biodiversity change: the bad, the good, and the unknown. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 37: 25-50.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-042911-093511
Piseri A. & Vitale P., 2002 – Nuvolera: i paesaggi, l’ambiente. Grafo edizioni, Brescia.
Plieninger T., Kizos T., Bieling C., Dû-Blayo L., Budniok M. A., Bürgi M., Crumley C. L., Girod G., Howard P., Kolen J., Kuemmerle T., Milcinski G., Palang H., Trommler K., & Verburg P. H., 2015 – Exploring ecosystem-change and society through a landscape lens: Recent progress in European landscape research. Ecology and Society, 20 (2): 5. <https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-07443-200205>.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-07443-200205
Pollo R., 2020 – Monitoring of a community of breeding birds in an agroecosystem with high environmental heterogeneity. Avocetta, 44 (2): 75-86. <https://doi.org/10.30456/AVO.2020207>
Pons P. & Clavero M., 2010 – Bird responses to fire severity and time since fire in managed mountain rangelands. Animal Conservation, 13 (3): 294-305.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00337.x
Preiss E., Martin J. L. & Debussche M., 1997 – Rural depopulation and recent landscape changes in a Mediterranean region: consequences to the breeding avifauna. Landscape Ecology 12: 51-61.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02698207
Prodon R., 2020 – Focus consequences for avifauna of landscape encroachment by woody vegetation in northern Catalonia. Revista Catalana d’Ornitologia, 36: 1-9. <https://doi.org/10.2436/20.8100.01.15>
Pruscini F., Morelli P., Perna P., Felicetti N. & Santolini R., 2013 – L’Ortolano Emberiza hortulana nella Regione Marche: analisi della distribuzione e preferenze ambientali. Avocetta, 37 (1): 15-20.
R Core Team, 2013 – R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
Rey L. & Jacot A., 2018 – Temporal changes of the breeding bird community in the burnt forest of Leuk. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Forstwesen, 169 (5): 299-307. <https://doi.org/10.3188/szf.2018.0299>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3188/szf.2018.0299
Rodríguez-Soler R., Uribe-Toril J. & de Pablo Valenciano J. 2020 – Worldwide trends in the scientific production on rural depopulation, a bibliometric analysis using bibliometrix R-tool. Land Use Policy, 97: 104787. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104787>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104787
Salgueiro P. A., Silva C., Silva A., Cátia S. & Mira A., 2020a – Can quarries provide novel conditions for a bird of rocky habitats? Restoration Ecology, 28 (4): 988-994. <https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13080>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13080
Salgueiro P. A., Prach K., Branquinho C. & Mira A., 2020b – Enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem services in quarry restoration – challenges, strategies, and practice. Restoration Ecology, 28 (3): 655-660. <https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13160>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13160
Sánchez S., Václav R. & Prokop P., 2009 – An inter-regional approach to intraspecific variation in habitat association: Rock Buntings Emberiza cia as a case study. Ibis, 151 (1): 88-98. <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00894.x>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00894.x
Saporetti F., 2012 – I Passeriformi (Passeriformes) degli ambienti aperti come indicatori della successione ecologica nel SIC Val Veddasca (Lombardia, Italia). Bollettino della Società Ticinese di Scienze Naturali, 100: 79-88.
Schaefer T. & Barkow A., 2004 – Habitat and nest site preferences of Sylvia atricapilla and S. melanocephala in Majorca. Ardeola, 51 (2): 445-450.
Schirolli P., 1998 – Dietro il paesaggio. La vicenda geologica della “Terra dei marmi”. In: La via del marmo. Storia, ambiente, territorio. Rocchi N. & Simoni C. (eds.). Grafo edizioni, Brescia: 7-21.
Sedláček O., Fuchs R. & Exnerová A., 2004 – Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus and black redstart P. ochruros in a mosaic urban environment: neighbours or rivals. Journal of Avian Biology, 35 (4): 336-343.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0908-8857.2004.03017.x
Shirihai H., Gargallo G. & Helbig A. J., 2001 – Sylvia Warblers: Identification, taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Sylvia. Helm, London.
Sirami C., Brotons L. & Martin J. L., 2007 – Vegetation and songbird response to land abandonment: from landscape to census plot. Diversity and Distribution, 13 (1): 42-52.
Sirami C., Brotons L., Burfield I., Fonerflick J. & Martin, J. L., 2008 – Is land abandonment having impact on biodiversity? A meta-analytical approach to bird distribution changes in the north-western Mediterranean. Biological Conservation, 141 (2): 450-459.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2007.10.015
Sirami C., Brotons L. & Martin J. L., 2011 – Woodlarks Lullula arborea and landscape heterogeneity created by land abandonment. Bird Study, 58 (1): 99-106. <https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2010.532861>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2010.532861
Speranza G., 2020 – Eastern Black-eared Wheatear Oenanthe melanoleuca. In: Bird news. Bazzi G. (eds.). Avocetta, 44: 49.
Spina F. & Volponi S., 2008 – Atlante della Migrazione degli Uccelli in Italia. Volume 2, Passeriformi. ISPRA. Tipografia SCR, Roma.
Staneva A. & Burfield I., 2017 – European birds of conservation concern. Populations, trends and national responsibilities. BirdLife International.
Svenning J. C., 2002 – A review of natural vegetation openness in north-western Europe. Biological Conservation, 104 (2): 133-148.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00162-8
Tscharntke T., Klein A. M., Kruess A., Steffan‐Dewenter I. & Thies C., 2005. – Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity-ecosystem service management. Ecology Letters, 8 (8): 857-874. <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00782.x>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00782.x
Tsiakiris R., Stara K., Pantis J. & Sgardelis S., 2009 – Microhabitat selection by three common bird species of montane farmlands in northern Greece. Environmental Management, 44 (5): 874-887. <https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9359-8>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9359-8
Vailati D., 2003 – Il “Carso bresciano” e il Buco del Frate. Associazione Scientifica Studi Carsici “G.B. Cacciamali”, Brescia.
van Turnhout C., 2005 – The disappearance of the Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris as a breeding bird from The Netherlands and Northwest-Europe. Limosa, 78: 1-14.
Vickery J. A., Ewing S. R., Smith K. W., Pain D. J., Bairlein F., Škorpilová J. & Gregory R. D., 2014 – The decline of Afro-Palaearctic migrants and an assessment of potential causes. Ibis, 156 (1): 1-22.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12118
Vigorita V. & Cucè L., 2008 – La fauna selvatica in Lombardia. Rapporto 2008 su distribuzione, abbondanza e stato di conservazione di uccelli e mammiferi. Regione Lombardia, Milano.
Vitasse Y., Ursenbacher S., Klein G., Bohnenstengel T., Chittaro Y., Delestrade A., Monnerat C., Rebetez M., Rixen C., Strebel N., Schmidt B. R., Wipf S., Wohlgemuth T., Yoccoz N. G. & Lenoir J. 2021 – Phenological and elevational shifts of plants, animals and fungi under climate change in the European Alps. Biological Reviews, 96 (5): 1816-1835. <https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12727>
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12727
Vittinghoff E. & McCulloch C. E., 2007 – Relaxing the rule of ten events per variable in logistic and Cox regression. American Journal of Epidemiology, 165 (6): 710-718.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwk052
Wood S., 2021 – Mgcv: Mixed GAM Computation Vehicle with Automatic Smoothness Estimation. R package version 1.8-38.
Zbinden N. & Blondel J., 1981 – Zu Raumnutzung, Territorialität und Legebeginn mediterraner Grasmücken in. (Sylvia melanocephala, S. sarda, S. cantillans, S. hortensis) in Südfrankreich. Der Ornithology Beobachter, 78: 217-231.
Zuur A. F., Ieno E. N., Walker N. J., Saveliev A. A. & Smith G. M., 2009 – Mixed Effect Models and Extensions in Ecology with R. Springer, Berlin.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-87458-6
Zuur A. F., Ieno E. N. & Elphick C. S., 2010 – A protocol for data exploration to avoid common statistical problems. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 1: 3‐14.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2009.00001.x
How to Cite
Leo, R., Romanenghi, G., Franchini, D., & Gobbini, M. (2023). Spontaneous renaturalization of open ecosystems in the hills of Brescia seen through the bird community. Rivista Italiana Di Ornitologia, 93(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/rio.2023.667
Copyright (c) 2023 Rocco Leo, Gabriele Romanenghi, Diego Franchini, Marco Gobbini
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Similar Articles
- Marco Masseti, Libyan birds. the remains of the italian ornithological collection in the Assaray Al-Hamra Museums of Tripoli, Libya , Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia: Vol. 81 No. 2 (2011)
- Daniele Capello, Giovanni Boano, Importance of the arboreal-shrubby hedges as habitat for birds in an intensive farming area of the Turin-Cuneo plain (NW Italy). , Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia: Vol. 80 No. 1 (2010)
- Stefano Macchio, Phenological succession of passerine birds inferred from 20 years of ringing in Italy. A hypothesis for a national standardization. , Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia: Vol. 82 No. 1-2 (2012)
- Vincenzo Costantini, Giovanni Michele Lacalandra, Assisted reproduction and ex situ conservation programs for endangered birds , Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia: Vol. 82 No. 1-2 (2012)
- Pierandrea Brichetti, Giancarlo Fracasso, Check-list of Italian Birds, updated to the end of 2014 , Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia: Vol. 85 No. 1 (2015)
- Francesco Mezzavilla, Gianfranco Martignago, Saverio Lombardo, Visible autumn migration of Passeriformes in the Prealpi Trevigiane. , Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia: Vol. 82 No. 1-2 (2012)
- Grzegorz Kopij, Population expansion of the Hoopoe Upupa epops in Silesia, SW Poland , Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia: Vol. 85 No. 2 (2015)
- Francesco Mezzavilla, Gianfranco Martignago, Saverio Lombardo, Luca Boscain, Giancarlo Silveri, Hawfinch, Coccothraustes coccothraustes: autumnal migration over Trevigiane Prealps. Years 2004-2010. , Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia: Vol. 81 No. 2 (2011)
- Corrado Battisti, Giuseppe Dodaro, Breeding bird communities in a morain landscape (Affi, North-Western Venetia): a preliminary survey. , Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia: Vol. 81 No. 2 (2011)
- Marco Masseti, The lost cranes of the island of Lampedusa (Italy) , Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia: Vol. 86 No. 1 (2016)
<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.