https://doi.org/10.4081/rio.2020.430

Wintering range of western yellow wagtail Motacilla flava in Africa and Europe in a historical perspective

Vol. 90 No. 1 (2020)
Published: 7 October 2020
Europe, Africa, Sahel, climate change, northward range expansion, farmland expansion, agrochemical impact, oversummering in sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract Views: 1725
PDF: 554
APPENDIX: 406
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Authors

Flavio Ferlini
flavio@unipv.it
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3058-337X
Castelletto di Branduzzo (PV), Italy.

Over the past few centuries, some subspecies of the western yellow wagtail Motacilla flava have shown changes in their reproductive ranges. The aim of this research is to verify if changes have occurred also in the wintering range of the species in Africa and Europe from 1848 to 2017. The data, collected through the consultation of over 840 bibliographic sources, 184 travel reports, 38 databases (including 25 relating to museum collections) and some website, shows an expansion of the wintering range to the north. The analysis is also extended to the single subspecies (flava, iberiae, cinereocapilla, flavissima, thunbergi, pygmaea, feldegg, beema, lutea, leucocephala). The factors that can affect the conservation of the species during wintering are examined and the oversummering range of Motacilla flava in sub-Saharan Africa is also discussed.

Dimensions

Altmetric

PlumX Metrics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Citations

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

PlumX Metrics

PlumX Metrics provide insights into the ways people interact with individual pieces of research output (articles, conference proceedings, book chapters, and many more) in the online environment. Collectively known as PlumX Metrics, these metrics are divided into five categories to help make sense of the huge amounts of data involved and to enable analysis by comparing like with like.

Adjakpa J.B., Tchabi A. & Ogouvide F.T., 2002 – Oiseaux utilisés en pharmacopée traditionnelle au Bénin. Malimbus, 24: 1-14.
Allen B., 2016 – Animals in Religion: Devotion, Symbol and Ritual. Reaktion Books Ltd, London.
Al-Sirhan A.R., 2009 – The Kuwait Bird Report 2008. Kuwait Ornithological Rarities Committee (KORC).
Alström P., Mild K. & Zetterstrom B., 2003 – Pipits and Wagtails of Europe, Asia and North America. Helm Identification Guides, 495 pp.
Alström P. & Mild K., 2005 – Biologiska, fylogenetiska och monofyle¬tiska arter - skillnader och likheter. Fåglar i Uppland, 31: 12-21.
Archer G. & Godman E.M., 1961 – The Birds of British Somaliland and the Gulf of Aden - Volume III. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh.
Ash J.S. & Miskell J.E., 1983 – Birds of Somalia: their habitat, status and distribution. Scopus, Special Supplement Number 1.
Ash J. & Atkins J., 2009 – Birds of Ethiopia and Eritrea - An Atlas of Distribution. Christopher Helm, London, UK, 464 pp.
Austin R., 1942 – The Birds of South Africa. H.F. & G. Witherby, Johannesburg, 463 pp.
Avifaunistische Kommission Baden-Württemberg, 2016 – Umlauf Juli 2016. <http://www.avikombw.de/bearbeitungsstand/umlaeufe-2016/umlauf-juli-2016/> (retrieved in December 2017)
Aymí R., 1999 – Identification of adult male yellow wagtails in winter plumage in Western Europe. Dutch Birding, 21: 241-253.
Ayres T., 1871 – Additional Notes on Birds of the Territoris of the Trans-Vaal Republic. The Ibis, 1 (ser. 3): 147-157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1871.tb05831.x
Backhurst G.C., 1970 – Bird Ringing Report 1968-1969. Journal of The East Africa Natural History Society and National Museum, 29: 16-26.
Africa Natural History Society and National Museum, 146: 1-9.
Backhurst G.C., 1977 – East afrincan bird ringing report 1974-77. Journal of The East Africa Natural History Society and National Museum, 31 (163): 1-10.
Backhurst G.C., 1981 – Eastern African bird ringing report 1977-1981. Journal of The East Africa Natural History Society and National Museum, 174: 1-20.
Backhurst G.C., 1986 – East African Bird Report 1984. Scopus, 8 (5): 101-140.
Backhurst G.C., 1988 – Eastern African Ringing Report 1981-1987. Scopus, 12 (1/2): 1-52.
Bannerman D.A., 1936 – The birds of tropical West Africa with special reference to those of the Gambia, Sierra Leone, the Gold Coast and Nigeria – Vol. 4. The Crown Agent for the Colonies, London, 459 pp.
Bell C.P., 1996 – Seasonality and Time Allocation as Causes of Leap-Frog Migration in the Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava. Journal of Avian Biology, 27 (4): 334 DOI 10.2307/3677265 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3677265
Bell C.P., 2006 – Social interactions, moult and pre-migratory fattening among Yellow Wagtails Motacilla flava in the Nigerian Sahel. Malimbus, 28: 69-82.
Bennun L.A., 1991 – An avifaunal survey of the Trans-Mara Forest, Kenya. Scopus, 14: 61-72.
Benson C.W., 1940 – Further Notes on Nyasaland Birds (with particular reference to those of the Northern Province) - Part III. The Ibis, 82 (4): 583-629. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1940.tb01675.x
Benson C.W., 1946 – Notes on the Birds of Southern Abyssinia. The Ibis, 88 (1): 25-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1946.tb03466.x
Bernis F., 1954 – Prontuario de la avifauna española. Ardeola, 1: 11-85.
Bernis F., 1970 – Aves migradoras ibéricas, Vol. 6. Sociedad Española de Ornitología, Madrid.
Biasutti M., Held I.M., Sobel A.H. & Giannini A., 2008 – SST forcings and Sahel rainfall variability in simulations of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Journal of Climate, 21(14): 3471-3486. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI1896.1
BirdForum, 2004 – Namibia. <http://www.birdforum.net/archive/index.php?t-21838.html> (retrieved in December 2017)
BirdLife International, 2017 – Species factsheet: Motacilla flava. Downloaded from <http://www.birdlife.org on 05/12/2017> (retrieved in December 2017)
Blair M., Steve P. & Alenezi A.A., 2017 – The OSME Region List of Bird Taxa, Part C: Passerines. Version 4.1 August 2017. The Ornithological Society of the Middle East, the Caucasus and Central Asia.
Bogdanski A., Attwood S., DeClerck F., DeClerck R., Hadi B., Horgan F.G., Rutsaert P., Turmel M.-S., van Dis R. & Gemmill-Herren B., 2015 – Shedding light on the invisible links within ‘eco-agri-food-systems’. A narrative review of literature on how agricultural management can influence the positive and negative impacts of rice farming. FAO, unpublished project report for The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) global initiative for Agriculture and Food.
Bolwig S., Pomeroy D., Tushabe H. & Mushabe D., 2006 – Crops, trees, and birds: Biodiversity change under agricultural intensification in Uganda’s farmed Landscapes in Geografisk Tidsskrift. Danish Journal of Geography, 106 (2): 115-130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2006.10649561
Borrow N. & Demey R., 2008 – Birds of Western Africa. Christopher Helm, London.
Borrow N. & Demey R., 2011 – Birds of Senegal and The Gambia. Christopher Helm, London, 361 pp.
Bos D., Grigoras I. & Ndiaye A., 2006 – Land cover and avian biodiversity in rice fields and mangroves of West Africa. A&W-report 824. Altenburg & Wymenga, ecological research, Veenwouden. Wetlands International, Dakar.
Boutin J. & Cherain Y., 1989 – Compte rendu ornithologique camarguais pour les années 1986 et 1987. Revue d'Écologie-La Terre et la Vie, 44 (2): 165-189.
Bräunlich A., 2002 – Birding in Central Asia: an introduction to Mongolia. Oriental Bird Club Bulletin, 35: 62-70.
Brichetti P. & Fracasso G., 2007 – Ornitologia Italiana. Vol. IV. Alberto Perdisa Editore.
Bright J.A., Morris A.J. & Winspear R., 2008 – A review of Indirect Effects of Pesticides on Birds and mitigating land-management practices. RSPB Research Report No 28. The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire.
Britton P.L. (ed.), 1980 – Birds of East Africa: their habitat, status and distribution. East Africa Natural History Society, Nairobi.
Brooks M., 2017a – Southern African Bird Atlas Project 2: Full protocol records. Version 1.12. Animal Demography Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town.
Brooks M., 2017b – Coordinated Waterbird Counts. Version 1.80. Animal Demography Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town.
Brosset A. & Érard C., 1986 – Les oiseaux des régions forestières du nord-est du Gabon - Vol. 1 - Écologie et Comportement des Espèces. Société Nationale de Protection de la Nature, Paris.
Buitenwerf R., Bond W.J., Stevens N. & Trollope W.S.W., 2012 – Increased tree densities in South African savannas: 50 years of data suggests CO2 as a driver. Global Change Biology, 18 (2): 675-684. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02561.x
Buontempo C., 2010 – Sahelian climate: past, current, projections. Met Office Hadley Centre, Devon, UK. <http://www.oecd.org/swac/publications/47092928.pdf> (retrieved in December 2017)
Calabuig I., 2013 – Western Palearctic migratory birds in continental Africa. Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen. Occurrence Dataset <https://doi.org/10.15468/qjmrtx accessed via GBIF.org on 2017-12-24.
Carruthers V., 2000 – The Wildlife of Southern Africa: A Field Guide to the Animals and Plants of the region. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 300 pp.
Carswell M., 1986 – Birds of the Kampala Area. Scopus, Special Supplement Number 2. 89 pp.
Chamberlain C.P., Bensch S., Feng X., Åkesson S. & Anderson T., 2000 – Stable isotopes examined across a migratory divide in Scandinavian Willow Warblers Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus and Phylloscopus trochilus acredula reflect their African winter quarters. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 267: 43-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2000.0964
Chapin J.P., 1953 – The Birds of the Belgian Congo, part 3. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 3: 95.
Chernetsov N., Kishkinev D., Gashkov S., Kosarev V. & Bolshakov C.V., 2008 – Migratory programme of juvenile pied flycatchers, Ficedula hypoleuca, from Siberia implies a detour around Central Asia. Animal Behaviour, 75 (2): 539-545. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.05.019
Chipanshia A.C., Ripleyb E.A. & Lawfordc R.G., 1999 – Large-scale simulation of wheat yields in a semi-arid environment using a crop-growth model. Agricultural Systems, 59 (1): 57-66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-521X(98)00082-1
Christensen J.H., Hewitson B., Busuioc A., Chen A., Gao X., Held I., Jones R., Kolli R.K., Kwon W.-T., Laprise R., Magana Rueda V., Mearns L., Menendez C.G., Raisanen J., Rinke A., Sarr A. & Whetton P., 2007 – Regional climate projections. In: Climate Change 2007: the Physical Science Basis. Solomon S., Qin D., Manning M., Chen Z., Marquis M., Averyt K.B., Tignor M. & Miller H.L. (eds.). Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA: 847-940.
Clancey P.A., 1966 – A catalogue of birds of the South African Sub-Region (Part IV: Families Sylviidae–Prionopidae). Durban Museum Novitates, 7 (12): 465-543.
Clarke G., 1985 – Bird observations from Northwest Somalia. Scopus, 9: 24-42.
Cocker M. & Mikkola H., 2001 – Magic, myth and misunderstanding: cultural responses to owls in Africa and their implications for conservation. Bulletin of the African Bird Club, 8 (1): 30-35.
Coetzer D. & Ranwashe F., 2015 – SAFRING: Historical Bird Ringing Records (2005-2009). South African National Biodiversity Institute.
Coppack T. & Both C., 2002 – Predicting life-cycle adaptation of migratory birds to global climate change. Ardea, 90: 369-377. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5253/arde.v90i3.p369
Coppack T. & Pulido F., 2004 – Photoperiodic response and the adaptability ofavian lifecycles to climate change. Advances in Ecological Research, 35: 131-150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2504(04)35007-5
Cordeiro N.J., 1994 – Forest birds on Mt Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Scopus, 17: 65-112.
Cova C., 1969 – Atlante degli uccelli d’Italia. Hoepli, Milano.
Cramp S. (ed.), 1988 – The Birds of the Western Palearctic, vol. V: Tyrant Flycatchers to Thrushes. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Csorgey T., 1929 – Neueres Vorkommen der gelbköpfigen Schafstelze (Motacilla flava campestris Pall.) in Ungarn. Aquila, 34-35: 103-104.
Curry P.J. & Sayer J.A., 1979 – The Inundation Zone of the Niger as an environment for Palaearctic migrants. The Ibis, 121 (1): 20-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1979.tb05012.x
Curry-Lindahl K., 1963 – Molt, body weights, gonadal development and migration in Motacilla flava. XIIIth International Ornithological Congress, Ithaca: 960-973.
Curry-Lindahl K., 1964 –Yellow Wagtails Motacilla flava flavissima found in great numbers on Mount Nimba, Liberia. The Ibis, 106: 255–256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1964.tb03702.x
Curry-Lindahl K., 1965 – Physiological aspects of bird migrations based on a transequatorial migrant, the Yellow Wagtail (Motacilla flava). Travaux du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa”, 5: 381-388.
Daniels C.L. & Stevens C.M., 1903 – Encyclopaedia of superstitions, folklore, and the occult sciences of the world; a comprehensive library of human belief and practice in the mysteries of life – Vol. II. University Press of the Pacific, Honolulu, Hawaii.
David R., 2002 – Religion and Magic in Ancient Egypt. Penguin Books Ltd, London.
De Juana E. & Garcia E., 2015 – The Birds of the Iberian Peninsula. Christopher Helm, London, 719 pp.
del Hoyo J., Elliott A. & Christie D.A., 2004 – Handbook of the Birds of the World - Volume 9 - Cotingas to Pipits and Wagtails. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, 863 pp.
Dementiev G.P. & Gladkov N.A. (eds.), 1954 – Ptitsy Sovyet Soyuza. [The birds of the Soviet Union]. Vol. 5. Sovetskaya Nauka, Moskva.
Dowsett R.J., 1965 – The occurrence of the Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava flavissima in Central Africa. Ostrich, 36 (1): 32-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1965.9639443
Dowsett R.J., 1969 – Migrants at Malam’Fatori, Lake Chad, Autumn 1968. Bulletin of the Nigerian Ornithologists’ Society, 6: 39-45.
Ebbutt D., Horwood M.T., Sharland R.E. & Smith V.W., 1964 – Provisional check-list of the birds of Plateau Province over 3,000 feet. Bulletin of the Nigerian Ornithologists’ Society, 1 (3): 9-14.
EEA (European Environment Agency), 2009 – Observed temperature change over Europe 1976-2006. European Environment Agency, Luxembourg. <https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/observed-temperature-change-over-europe-1976-2006> (retrieved in December 2017)
EEA (European Environment Agency), 2017 – Climate change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2016. EEA Report No 1/2017. European Environment Agency, Luxembourg.
Eriksen J. & Porter R., 2017 – Birds of Oman. Helm Field Guides. Christopher Helm, London, 271 pp.
Eyhorn F., Roner T. & Specking H., 2015 – Reducing pesticide use and risks - What action is needed? Helvetas, Swiss Intercooperation, 31 pp.
FAO, 1990 – The conservation and rehabilitation of African lands. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), ARC/90/4, 38 pp.
FAO, 2016 – AQUASTAT website. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) <http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/main/index.stm> (retrieved in December 2017)
Ferlini F., 1994 – Osservazioni ornitologiche nell’Isola di Kos (Grecia). Uccelli’Italia, 19 (1-2): 77-80.
Ferlini F., 2015 – Evolution of the breeding range of the “italian” Wagtail Motacilla flava cinereocapilla. Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia, 85 (2): 3-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/rio.2015.212
Ferlini F., 2016 – Evolution of the breeding range of the Black-headed Yellow Wagtail (Motacilla flava feldegg). Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia, 86 (1): 3-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/rio.2016.303
Finlayson C., 1992 – Birds of the Strait of Gibraltar. T. & A.D. Poyser, London, 534 pp.
Fintha I., 1988 – Observations of Palaearctic migrants in Tanzánia (1979-1982). Aquila, 95: 11-57.
Forget G., 2010 – Oiseaux du Senegal - Un recueil de photographies. Vol. 2. Quebec, 150 pp.
Fotso R.C., 2001 – A contribution to the ornithology of Mount Oku forest, Cameroon. Malimbus, 23: 1-12.
Fry C.H., 1965a – Bird notes from North-Eastern Sokoto Province. Bulletin of the Nigerian Ornithologists’ Society, 1 (4): 2-5.
Fry C.H., 1965b – The birds of Zaria. II - Palaearctic migrants. Bulletin of the Nigerian Ornithologists’ Society, 2: 35-44.
Fry C.H., Ferguson-Lees I.J. & Dowsett R.J., 1972 – Flight muscle hypertrophy and ecophysiological variation of Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava races at Lake Chad. Journal of Zoology, 167 (3): 293-306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1972.tb03113.x
Funk C., Michaelsen J. & Marshall M., 2012 – Mapping recent decadal climate variations in precipitation and temperature across Eastern Africa and the Sahel. In: Remote Sensing of Drought: Innovative Monitoring Approaches. Wardlow B.D., Anderson M.C. & Verdin J.P. (eds.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA: 331-358.
Gall L., 2017 – Vertebrate Zoology Division - Ornithology, Yale Peabody Museum. Yale University Peabody Museum. Occurrence Dataset <https://doi.org/10.15468/h25uz7 accessed via GBIF.org on 2017-12-11. Peabody Museum. Vertebrate Zoology Division - Ornithology, Yale Peabody Museum.
Gargallo G., Barriocanal C., Castany J., Clarabuch O., Escandell R., López-Iborra G., Rguibi-Idrissi H., Robson D. & Suárez M., 2011 – Mediterranean and NW Africa: the results of 16 years of the Piccole Isole project. Monografies del Museu de Ciències Naturals 6, Museu de Ciències Naturals, Institut de Cultura, Ajuntament de Barcelona.
Gatter W., 1987 – Bird migration in West Africa: Observations and hypotheses on migration strategies and migration routes. Bird migration in Liberia, Part II. Die Vogelwarte, 34: 80-92.
Gavrilov E.I. & Gavrilov A.E., 2005 – The Birds of Kazakhstan. Almaty.
Gill F. & Donsker D. (eds.), 2017 – IOC World Bird List (v 7.3). Doi 10.14344/IOC.ML.7.3. <http://www.worldbirdnames.org/> (retrieved in December 2017)
Gillon Y. & Gillon D., 1974 – Recherches écologiques sur une savane sahélienne du Ferlo septentrional, Shegal. Données quantitatives sur les Ténébrionides. Revue d'Écologie-La Terre et la Vie, 28: 296-306.
Goldewijk K.K., 2001 – Estimating global land use change over the past 300 years: The HYDE Database. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 15 (2): 417-433. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB001232
Golovatin M.G. & Sokolov V.A., 2017 – Distribution of Yellow Wagtail Forms Motacilla flava – Complex in the North of Western Siberia, Russia. The Open Ornithology Journal, 10: 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1874453201710010001
Goodman S.M. & Atta G.A.M., 1987 – The birds of Southeastern Egypt. Gerfaut, 77: 3-41.
Goulson D., 2014 – Ecology: Pesticides linked to bird declines. Nature, 511: 295-296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13642
Grant C.H.B. & Mackworth-Praed C.W., 1942 – Notes on Eastern African Birds. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club, 62: 58-59.
Grant C.H.B. & Mackworth-Praed C.W., 1952 – On the species and races of the Yellow Wagtails from Western Europe to Western North America. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 1 (9): 253-270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.21633
Grant S. & Marks B., 2017 – Field Museum of Natural History (Zoology) Bird Collection. Version 14.3. Field Museum. Occurrence Dataset <https://doi.org/10.15468/exkxdx accessed via GBIF.org on 2017-08-03.
Green A.A., 1984 – Additional bird records from Bamingui-Bangoran National Park, Central African Republic. Malimbus, 6: 70-72.
Greene A.M., Giannini A. & Zebiak S.E., 2009 – Drought return times in the Sahel: a question of attribution. Geophysical Research Letters, 36 (12), L12701, doi:10.1029/2009GL038868. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL038868
Grieve A., 2000 – Egypt Trip Report Cairo, Nile Delta and Sinai 1 to 13 December 1999. <http://www.osme.org/trip-reports/egtrip6> (retrieved in December 2017)
Grimes L.G., 1971 – Notes on some birds seen at Buea and on Mount Cameroon, 30 Dec. 1970 - Jan. 1971. Bulletin of the Nigerian Ornithologists’ Society, 8: 35-41.
Haagner A., 1912 – Sketches of South African Bird-Life. T.M. Miller, Cape Town, 356 pp.
Haagner A.K. & Ivy R.H., 1923 – Sketches of South African bird-life. T.M. Miller, Cape Town, 356 pp.
Hafner H., Johnson A. & Walmsley J., 1980 – Compte rendu ornithologique camarguais pour les années 1978 et 1979. Revue d'Écologie-La Terre et la Vie, 34 (4): 621-647.
Hagemeijer W.J.M. & Blair M.J. (eds.), 1997 – The EBCC Atlas of European Breeding Birds: Their distribution and abundance. T & A Poyser, London.
Hall P., 1976b – The Birds of the Mambilla Plateau. Bulletin of the Nigerian Ornithologists’ Society, 12: 67-72.
Hall P., 1977c – The Birds of Serti. Bulletin of the Nigerian Ornithologists’ Society, 13: 66-79.
Hallmann C.A., Foppen R.P.B., van Turnhout C.A.M., de Kroon H. & Jongejans E., 2014 – Declines in insectivorous birds are associated with high neonicotinoid concentrations. Nature, 511: 341-343. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13531
Hansen K., 2017 – The Rise and Fall of Africa’s Great Lake - Scientists Try to Understand the Fluctuations of Lake Chad. NASA Earth Observatory. <https://www.earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/LakeChad/?src=features-recent> (retrieved in December 2017)
Harrison D.L., Allan D.G., Underhill L.G., Herremans M., Tree A.J., Parker V. & Brown C.J., 1997 – The Atlas of Southern African Birds. Volume II: Passerines. BirdLife South Africa, Johannesburg, 1514 pp.
Harrison K., 2006 – Carbofuran. <http://www.3dchem.com/Carbofuran.asp#> (retrieved in December 2017)
Hartert E., 1886 – Ornithologisehe Ergebnisse einer Reise in den Niger-Benuë-Gabiete. Journal für Ornithologie, 34: 570-613. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02008699
Hartert E., 1928 – A rush through Tunisia, Algeria, and Marocco, and collecting in the Maroccan Atlas, in 1927. Novitates Zoologicae, 34: 337-371. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.11794
Hayhow D.B., Conway G., Eaton M.A., Grice P.V., Hall C., Holt C.A., Kuepfer A., Noble D.G., Oppel S., Risely K., Stringer C., Stroud D.A., Wilkinson N. and Wotton S., 2014 – The state of the UK’s birds 2014. RSPB, BTO, WWT, JNCC, NE, NIEA, NRW and SNH, Sandy, Bedfordshire.
Heiss M. & Eidam F., 2015 – First record of White-headed Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava leucocephala for Azerbaijan. Sandgrouse, 37 (2): 199-202.
Hellenic Rarities Committee, 2010 – Annual Report - 2009. Hellenic Rarities Committee. <http://rarities.ornithologiki.gr/gr/eaop/annual_reports.htm> (retrieved in December 2017)
Herroelen P., 2006 – Further annotations and an addition to the avifauna of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Bulletin of The British Ornithologists' Club, 126: 19-37.
Higgins S.I. & Scheiter S., 2012 – Atmospheric CO2 forces abrupt vegetation shifts locally, but not globally. Nature, 2012; DOI: 10.1038/nature11238 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11238
Hockey P.A.R., Dean W.R.J. & Ryan P.G., 2005 – Roberts - Birds of Southern Africa, VIIth ed. The Trustees of the John Voelcker Bird Book Fund, Cape Town.
Hogg P., Dare J. & Rintoul J.V., 1984 – Palaearctic migrants in the central Sudan. The Ibis, 126 (3): 307-331. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1984.tb00253.x
Hopson A.J., 1965 – Preliminary notes on the birds of Malamfatori, Lake Chad. Bulletin of the Nigerian Ornithologists’ Society, 1 (4): 7-15.
Iran Bird Records Committee, 2017 – Record of Motacilla flava leucocephala in Aq-Qala. <http://iranbirdrecords.ir/1396/02/18/Motacilla%20flava%20leucocephala%20in%20Aq-Qala
IRDC (Israeli Rarities Distribution Committee), 2015 – Bulletin 9:01 - Rare Birds in Israel. The Israeli Rarities & Distribution Committee (IRDC). <http://www.israbirding.com/irdc/bulletins/bulletin_9/> (retrieved in December 2017)
James R. & Washington R., 2013 – Changes in African temperature and precipitation associated with degrees of global warming. Climatic Change, 117 (4): 859-872. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-012-0581-7
Jardine W., 1848-1852 – Contributions to Ornithology. W.H. Lizars, Edinburgh, 848 pp.
Kayser Y., Gauthier-Clerc M., Béchet A., Poulin B., Massez G., Chérain Y., Paoli J., Sadoul N., Vialet E., Paulus G., Vincent-Martin N., Pilard P. & Isenmann P., 2008 – Compte rendu ornithologique camarguais pour les années 2001-2006. Revue d'Écologie-La Terre et la Vie, 63 (4): 299-349.
Keith S., Urban E.K. & Fry H. (eds.), 1992 – The Birds of Africa, Volume IV: Broadbills to Chats. Academic Press, London, UK, 632 pp.
Kirwan G.M., Özen M., Ertuhan M. & Atahan A., 2014 – Turkey Bird Report 2007–2011. Sandgrouse, 36: 146-175.
Kishchinski A.A., 1980 – Ptitsi Koryakskogo Nagorya. Izdatel stvo Nauka, Moscow.
Koen J.H., 1988 – Birds of the Eastern Caprivi. Southern Birds No. 15, Benmore, 145 pp.
Kovats R.S., Valentini R., Bouwer L.M., Georgopoulou E., Jacob D., Martin E., Rounsevell M. & Soussana J.-F., 2014 – Europe. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Barros V.R., Field C.B., Dokken D.J., Mastrandrea M.D., Mach K.J., Bilir T.E., Chatterjee M., Ebi K.L., Estrada Y.O., Genova R.C., Girma B., Kissel E.S., Levy A.N., MacCracken S., Mastrandrea P.R. & White L.L. (eds.). Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cambridge. University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA: 1267-1326.
Lamarche B., 1981 – Liste commentée des oiseaux du Mali. 2ème partie: Passereaux. Malimbus, 3: 73-102.
Lauer W. & Frankenberg P., 1988 – Klimaklassifikation der Erde. Geograpische Rundschau, 40. Westermann Verlag, Braunschweig.
Le Vaillant F., 1799 – Histoire naturelle des Oiseaux d'Afrique – Vol III. Chez J.J. Fuchs, Paris, 442 pp. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.63636
Leshem Y., Yom-Tov Y., Thompson H., Bennun L. & Labinger Z., 2006 – The importance of the Great Rift Valley for palearctic bird migration. Journal of Ornithology, 147 (5): S284.
Levatich T. & Padilla F., 2016 – EOD - eBird Observation Dataset. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Occurrence Dataset <https://doi.org/10.15468/aomfnb accessed via GBIF.org on 2017-12-11.
Lewis A. & Pomeroy D., 1989 – A Bird Atlas of Kenya. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam.
Louette M. & Prévost J., 1987 – Passereaux collectés par J. Prévost au Cameroun. Malimbus, 9: 83-96.
Lundwall U. & Persson C., 2006 – Weights, fat levels and distances flown by migrating Scandinavian Yellow Wagtails Motacilla flava in autumn. <http://home4.swipnet.se/~w-48087/faglar/materialmapp/arlmapp/ywwmenu.html> (retrieved in December 2017)
Mackworth-Praed C.W. & Grant C.H.B., 1957 – Birds of Eastern and North Eastern Africa. Longmans, London.
Macleay K.N.G., 1960 – The birds of Khartoum Province. Bulletin No. 1. Natural History Museum, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
Mankwe Wildlife Reserve, 2014 – Checklist for Birds of Mankwe Wildlife Reserve, North West Province, South Africa. <http://www.mankwewildlifereserve.com/uploads/2/6/6/8/26680908/checklist_for_birds_of_mankwe_wildlife_reserve2014.pdf> (retrieved in December 2017)
Marques D.A. & Thoma M., 2015 – Seltene Vogelarten und ungewöhnliche Vogelbeobachtungen in der Schweiz im Jahre 2014 - 24. Bericht der Schweizerischen Avifaunistischen Kommission. Der Ornithologische Beobachter, 112 (3): 161-188.
Martinez N. & Maumary L., 2016 – Seltene Vogelarten und ungewöhnliche Vogelbeobachtungen in der Schweiz im Jahre 2015 - 25. Bericht der Schweizerischen Avifaunistischen Kommission. Der Ornithologische Beobachter: 113 (4): 269-298.
Matvejev S.D. & Vasić V.F., 1973 – Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae - IV/3 – Aves. Consilium Academiarum Scientiarum Rei Publicae Socialisticae Foederativ ae Jugoslaviae Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, Ljubljana.
Meinertzhagen R., 1921 – Notes on some Birds from the Near East and from Tropical East Africa. The Ibis, 63 (4): 621-671. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1921.tb01294.x
Meinertzhagen R., 1956 – Yellow Wagtails in Kenya. British Birds, 49: 240.
Midgley G.F. & Thuiller W., 2011 – Potential responses of terrestrial biodiversity in Southern Africa to anthropogenic climate change. Regional Environmental Change, 11 (1): 127-135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-010-0191-8
Millen B., 2017 – Ornithology Collection Passeriformes - Royal Ontario Museum. Version 15.8. Royal Ontario Museum. Occurrence Dataset <https://doi.org/10.15468/ahiyvz accessed via GBIF.org on 2017-08-04.
Mills M. & Melo M., 2013 – The checklist of the birds of Angola. Associação Angolana para Aves e Natureza (AvesAngola), Luanda, Angola and Birds Angola, 77 pp.
Mineau P., 2005 – Direct Losses of Birds to Pesticides - Beginnings of a Quantification. USDA Forest Service General Technical Reports, PSW-GTR-191: 1065 -1070.
Mitchard E.T.A. & Flintrop C.M., 2013 – Woody encroachment and forest degradation in sub-Saharan Africa’s woodlands and savannas 1982-2006. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 368, 20120406, doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0406. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0406
Mitra A., Chatterjee C. & Mandal F.B., 2011 – Synthetic Chemical Pesticides and Their Effects on Birds. Research Journal of Environmental Toxicology, 5: 81-96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/rjet.2011.81.96
Moltoni E., 1970 – Gli uccelli ad oggi riscontrati nelle Isole Linosa, Lampedusa e Lampione (Isole Pelagie, Canale di Sicilia, Mediterraneo). Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia, 40: 77-283.
Moltoni E., 1971 – Gli uccelli ad oggi riscontrati nelle isole di Tavolara, Molara e Molarotto (Sardegna nord-orientale). Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia, 41: 223-372.
Moreau R.E., 1961 – Problems of Mediterranean-Saharan migration. The Ibis, 103 (4): 580-623. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1961.tb02465.x
Moreau R.E., 1972 – The Palearctic-African Migration Systems. Academic Press, London.
Morel G.J., 1973 – The Sahel zone as an environment for Palaearctic migrants. The Ibis, 115 (3): 413-417. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1973.tb01979.x
Morganti M. & Pulido F., 2012 – Invernada de aves migradoras trans-Saharianas en España In: SEO/BirdLife: Atlas de las aves en invierno en España 2007-2010. Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentacion y Medio Ambiente-SEO/BirdLife, Madrid: 59-64.
Morganti M., Gordo O. & Pulido F., 2014 – Rapid shortening of migratory distances of recently establisched wintering populations of trans-Saharan birds in the Western Mediterranean. In: PhD Thesis. The potential of migratory birds to adapt to global change: lessons from European long-distance migrants and Iberian Blackcaps. Morganti M., Universidad Complutense Madrid: 95-105.
Mullié W.C., Verwey E.J., Berends A.G., Séne F., Koeman J.H. & Everts J.W., 1991 – The Impact of Furadan 3G (Carbofuran) Applications on Aquatic Macroinvertebrates in Irrigated Rice in Senegal. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 20: 177-182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055902
Mullié W.C. & Diop M.S., 2001 – The impact of pesticide use in Africa on Palearctic-African migrant waterbirds: A call for quantitative data for a new UNEP-AEWA study. In: Leshem Y., Froneman A., Mundy P. & Shamir H. (eds.). Wings over Africa. Proceeding of International Seminar on Bird Migration, Israel, April 29-May 11, 2001: 94-101.
Mundy P., 2000 – Wetland birds of the Zambezi Basin. In: Biodiversity of the Zambezi Basin wetlands. Timberlake J. (ed.). Harare, Zimbabwe: Biodiversity Foundation for Africa, Bulawayo/The Zambezi Society: 213-278.
Museums Victoria, 2017 – Museums Victoria provider for OZCAM.
Naturgucker, 2016 – Naturgucker.de. Occurrence Dataset <https://doi.org/10.15468/uc1apo accessed via GBIF.org on 2017-07-08.
Neave S.A., 1910 – On the Birds of Northern Rhodesia and the Katanga District of Congoland. Part II. The Ibis, 4 (ser. 9): 225-262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1910.tb07903.x
Newman K., 2002 – Newman's Birds of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 528 pp.
Newman K., 2003 – What's That Bird? A Starter's Guide to Birds of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 137 pp.
Newton I., 1998 – Population Limitation in Birds. Academic Press, London.
Newton I., 2008 – The migration ecology of Birds. Academic Press, London.
Newton I., 2011 – Migration within the annual cycle: species, sex and age differences. Journal für Ornithologie, 152 (S1): 169-185. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-011-0689-y
Niang I., Ruppel O.C., Abdrabo M.A., Essel A., Lennard C., Padgham J. & Urquhart P., 2014 – Africa. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Barros V.R., Field C.B., Dokken D.J., Mastrandrea M.D., Mach K.J., Bilir T.E., Chatterjee M., Ebi K.L., Estrada Y.O., Genova R.C., Girma B., Kissel E.S., Levy A.N., MacCracken S., Mastrandrea P.R. & White L.L. (eds.). Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA: 1199-1265.
Nicholson S.E., 1994 – Recent rainfall fluctuations in Africa and their relationships to past conditions over the continent. The Holocene, 4: 121-131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/095968369400400202
Nicholson S.E., 1998a – Historical fluctuations of Lake Victoria and other lakes in the Northern Rift Valley of East Africa. In: Environmental change and response in East African lakes. Lehman J.T. (ed.). Kluwer, Dordrecht: 7-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1437-2_2
Nicholson S.E., 1998b – Fluctuations of Rift Valley Lakes Malawi and Chilwa during historical times: a synthesis of geological, archaeological and historical information. In: Environmental change and response in East African lakes. Lehman J.T. (ed.). Kluwer, Dordrecht: 207-231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1437-2_16
Nicholson S.E., 1999 – Historical and modern fluctuations of Lakes Tanganyika and Rukwa and their relationship to rainfall variability. Climatic Change, 41: 53-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005424619718
Nicholson S.E., 2001 – Climatic and environmental change in Africa during the last two centuries. Climate Research, 17: 123-144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/cr017123
Nicholson S.E., Nash D.J., Chase B.M., Grab S.W., Shanahan T.M., Verschuren D., Asrat A., Lezine A.-M. & Umer M., 2013 – Temperature variability over Africa during the last 2000 years. Holocene, 23 (8): 1085-1094. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683613483618
Nikolaus G., 1989 – Birds of South Sudan. Scopus, special supplements N. 3. 123 pp.
Nikolaus G., 2001 – Bird exploitation for traditional medicine in Nigeria. Malimbus, 23: 45-55.
Nikolaus G., 2011 – The fetish culture in West Africa: An ancient tradition as a threat to endangered birdlife? In: Tropical vertebrates in a changing World. Schuchmann K.-L. (ed.). Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn: 145-150.
Observation.org, 2017 – Motacilla flava. <https://observation.org/> (retrieved in December 2017)
Ödeen A., 2001 – Effects of Post-Glacial Range Expansions and Popu¬lation Bottlenecks on Species Richness. Acta Universitatis Upsa¬liensis, Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology, Uppsala, 664.
Odino M., 2011 – Measuring the conservation threat to birds in Kenya from deliberate pesticide poisoning: a case study of suspected carbofuran poisoning using Furadan in Bunyala Rice Irrigation Scheme. In: Carbofuran and Wildlife Poisoning: Global Perspectives and Forensic Approaches. Richards N.L. (ed.). Wiley, UK: 53-70.
Odino M. & Ogada D.L., 2008 – Furadan use in Kenya and its impacts on birds and other wildlife: a survey of the regulatory agency, distributors, and end-users of this highly toxic pesticide. Report to the Bird Committee of Nature Kenya, 17 pp.
Ogada D.L., 2014 – The power of poison: pesticide poisoning of Africa's Wildlife. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1322: 1-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12405
Orrell T. & Hollowell T., 2017 – NMNH Extant Specimen Records. Version 1.8. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Occurrence Dataset <https://doi.org/10.15468/hnhrg3 accessed via GBIF.org on 2017-07-14.
Oschadleus D. & Ranwashe F., 2017 – SAFRING: Historical Bird Ringing Records (2005-2009). Version 1.1. South African National Biodiversity Institute (retrieved in March 2018)
Oustalet M.E., 1904-1905 – Catalogue des oiseaux rapportés par la mission Chari-lac Tchad. Bulletin du Muséum d’Istoire Naturelle, Impr. Nationale, Paris.
Ouwehand J., Ahola M.P., Ausems A.N.M.A., Bridge E.S., Burgess M., Hahn S., Hewson C.M., Klaassen R.H.G., Laaksonen T., Lampe H.M., Velmala W. & Both C., 2016 – Light-level geolocators reveal migratory connectivity in European populations of pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca. Journal of Avian Biology, 47 (1): 69-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.00721
Parker V., 1999 – The atlas of the birds of Sul do Save, Southern Mozambique. Avian Demography Unit, Cape Town, and the Endangered Wildlife Trust, Johannesburg, 277 pp.
Parsons K.C., Mineau P. & Renfrew R.B., 2010 – Effects of Pesticide use in Rice Fields on Birds. Waterbirds, 33 (1): 193-218. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1675/063.033.s115
Pearson D.J., 1972 – The wintering and migration of palaearctic passerines at Kampala, Southern Uganda. The Ibis, 114 (1): 43-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1972.tb02588.x
Pearson D.J., 1983a – East African Bird Report 1982. Scopus, 6: 109-128.
Pearson D.J. & Backhurst G.C., 1973 – The head plumage of Eastern Yellow-Headed Yellow Wagtails Wintering at Nairobi, Kenya. The Ibis, 115 (4): 589-591. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1973.tb01996.x
Pearson D.J. & Britton P.L., 1980 – Arrival and departure times of Palaearctic waders on the Kenyan coast. Scopus, 4: 84-88.
Pearson D.J. & Turner D.A., 1986 – The less common Palearctic Migrant Birds of Uganda. Scopus, 10 (3/4): 61-82.
Pedersen T., 2009 – Democratic Republic of Congo - A bird checklist.
Pennycuick C.J., 1975 – Mechanics of flight. In: Avian Biology. Vol. V. Farmer D.S. & King J.R. (eds.). Academic Press, New York and London: 1-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-249405-5.50009-4
Pérez-Tris J. & Asensio B., 1997 – Migracion e invernada de la Lavandera boyera (Motacilla flava) en la Peninsula Iberica. Ardeola, 44 (1): 71-78.
Pinch G., 2002 – Egyptian Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Goddesses, and Traditions of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press, 266 pp.
Porter R. & Aspinall S., 2010 – Birds of the Middle East. Christopher Helm, London, 385 pp.
Prescott G., 2012 – Egypt, Luxor - 3 –10 December 2012. <http://www.surfbirds.com/trip_report.php?id=2277> (retrieved in December 2017)
Quirke S., 2001 – The Cult of Ra: Sun Worship in Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson Ltd, London.
RAF Ornithological Society, 2016 – The Cyprus Expeditions. <http://www.rafornithology.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Cyprus-visits-overview.pdf> (retrieved in December 2017)
Rappolle J.H, 2013 – The Avian Migrant: The Biology of Bird Migration. Columbia University Press, New York, 435 pp. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7312/rapp14678
Redford D.B., 2002 – The Ancient Gods Speak: A Guide to Egyptian Religion. Oxford University Press.
Redkin Ya.A., 2011 – Новые данные о пространственных и репродуктивных отношениях некоторых близкородственных форм воробьинообразных Passeriformes в Туве. Русский орнитологический журнал 2011, 20 (652): 839-853.
Redkin Ya.A., 2013 – Желтолобая трясогузка. In: Полный определитель птиц европейской части России, Vol. 3: 60-63. Kalyakina M.V. (eds.).
Redman N., Stevenson T. & Fanshawe J., 2009 – Birds of the Horn of Africa: Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia and Socotra. Christopher Helm, 495 pp.
Réserve Nationale de Camargue, 1987 – Compte rendu ornithologique camarguais pour les années 2001-2006. Revue d'Écologie-La Terre et la Vie, 42 (2): 167-191.
Ricepedia.org, 2017 – Madagascar. <http://ricepedia.org/madagascar>
Riethmuller M., 2017 – Bergeronnette printanière (Motacilla flava). <http://www.faune-reunion.fr/index.php?m_id=54&mid=6570> (retrieved in December 2017)
Roberts A., 1911 – Notes on a few Birds from Wakkerstroom. The Journal of the South African Ornithologists’ Union, 7: 21-23.
Ruelle P.J., 1983 – Control of granivorous bird pests of rice using the partial crop treatment method in West Africa. International Journal of Tropical Pest Management, 29 (1): 23-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09670878309370764
Rüppell E., 1845 – Systematische Uebersicht der Vögel Nord-Ost-Afrika's: nebst Abbildung und Beschreibung von fünfzig Theils unbekannten, Theils noch nicht bildlich dargestellten Arten. Commission der S. Schmerber'schen Buchhandlung, Frankfurt A.M., 258 pp. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51961
Sala O.E., Chapin F.S., & Amesto J.J., 2000 – Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science, 287: 1770-1774. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5459.1770
Salvan J., 1967 – Contribution à l’etude des oiseaux du Tchad. Oiseau et R.F.O., 37: 255-284.
Salvan J., 1969a – Contribution à l’etude des oiseaux du Tchad. Oiseau et R.F.O., 38: 53-85.
Salvan J., 1969b – Contribution à l’etude des oiseaux du Tchad. Oiseau et R.F.O., 38: 127-150.
Salvan J., 1969c – Contribution à l’etude des oiseaux du Tchad. Oiseau et R.F.O., 38: 255-284.
Schewe J. & Levermann A., 2017 – Non-linear intensification of Sahel rainfall as a possible dynamic response to future warming. Earth System Dynamics, 8: 495-505. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-495-2017
Schouteden H., 1963 – La faune omithologique des districts du Bas-Uele et du Haut-Uele. Zoologique Museum Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, 4: 1-241.
Sharland R.E., 1964 – Bird ringing in Nigeria and Ghana, 1963. Sixth annual report. Bulletin of the Nigerian Ornithologists’ Society, 1 (1): 11-13.
Sharland R.E., 1965 – Bird ringing in Nigeria, 1964. Seventh annual report. Bulletin of the Nigerian Ornithologists’ Society, 2: 2-5.
Sharland R.E., 1966 – Ringing in Nigeria, 1965. Eighth annual report. Bulletin of the Nigerian Ornithologists’ Society, 3: 18-21.
Sharland R.E., 1967a – Bird ringing in Nigeria 1966. Ninth annual report. Bulletin of the Nigerian Ornithologists’ Society, 4 (1): 12-16.
Sharland R.E., 1967b – Recoveries of flava wagtails. Bulletin of the Nigerian Ornithologists’ Society, 4 (2): 12.
Sharland R.E., 1968 – Bird ringing in Nigeria 1967 - Tenth annual report. Bulletin of the Nigerian Ornithologists’ Society, 5: 28-31.
Sharland R.E., 1969 – Ringing in Nigeria, 1968: Eleventh annual report. Bulletin of the Nigerian Ornithologists’ Society, 6: 26-29.
Sharland R.E., 1972a – Ringing in Nigeria 1970: 13th Annual Report. Bulletin of the Nigerian Ornithologists’ Society, 9: 1-6.
Sharland R.E., 1972b – Ringing in Nigeria 1971: 14th Annual Report. Bulletin of the Nigerian Ornithologists’ Society, 9: 13-16.
Sharland R.E., 1974 – Ringing in Nigeria 1972 & 1973: 15th and 16th Annual Reports. Bulletin of the Nigerian Ornithologists’ Society, 10: 69-73.
Sharland R.E., 1975 – Ringing in Nigeria 1974. 17th annual report. Bulletin of the Nigerian Ornithologists’ Society, 11: 50-52.
Sharland R.E., 1978 – Ringing in Nigeria 1977. 20th Annual Report. Bulletin of the Nigerian Ornithologists’ Society, 14: 24-26.
Sharland R.E., 1979 – Ringing in Nigeria 1978. 21st annual report. Malimbus, 1: 43-46.
Sharland R.E., 1985 – Ringing in Nigeria in 1984. Malimbus, 7: 140.
Sharland R.E., 1996 – Ringing recoveries between Nigeria and Eastern Europe. Malimbus, 18: 103.
Sharpe R.B., 1871 – Catalogue of African Birds in the collection of R.B. Sharpe. Sharpe R.B, published by the Author, London, 92 pp. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13298
Sheahan M. & Barrett C.B., 2014 – Understanding the Agricultural Input Landscape in Sub-Saharan Africa: Recent Plot, Household, and Community-Level Evidence. Policy Research Working Paper No. 7014. World Bank: Washington, DC. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-7014
Sheahan M. & Barrett C.B., 2017 – Ten striking facts about agricultural input use in Sub-Saharan Africa. Food Policy, 67: 12-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2016.09.010
Shelley G.E., 1900 – The birds of Africa, comprising all the species which occur in the Ethiopian region – Vol. II. R.H. Porter, London, 406 pp.
Siebert S. & Frenken K., 2014 – Irrigated Areas. In: Atlas of African Agriculture Research & Development. Sebastian K. (ed.). <http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896298460_08 Retrieved from <http://agatlas.org> DOI: https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896298460_08
Sinclair I., 1994 – Field Guide to the Birds of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 372 pp.
Sinclair I. & Davidson I., 2006 – Sasol Southern African Birds: A Photographic Guide. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 311 pp.
Sinclair I., Hockey P. & Tarboton W., 2002 – Sasol Voëls van Suider-Afrika, Sasol, 488 pp.
Sinclair I., Hockey P.A.R., Arlott N. & Hayman P., 2005 – The Larger Illustrated Guide to Birds of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 465 pp.
Smith D., 2014 – Tunisia Naturetrek Tour Report 15 – 23 March 2014. <https://www.naturetrek.co.uk/reports_new/TUN01_report_140315_Tunisia.pdf> (retrieved in December 2017)
Smith S., 1950 – The Yellow Wagtail. Collins, London.
Smithers R.H.N., 1964 – A check list of the birds of the Bechuanaland Protectorate and the Caprivi Strip. Trustees of the National Museum of S. Rhodesia, 188 pp.
SOVON, 2002 – Atlas van de Nederlandse broedvogels 1998-2000. Nederlandse Fauna, 5: 1-584.
SOVON, 2017 – Vogels in Nederland - Engelse Kwikstaart. <https://www.sovon.nl/nl/soort/10172> (retrieved in December 2017)
Stern D.I., Gething P.W., Kabaria C.W., Temperley W.H., Noor A.M., Okiro E.A., Shanks G.D., Snow R.W. & SHay.I., 2011 – Temperature and malaria trends in highland East Africa. PLoS ONE, 6 (9), e24524, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024524. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0024524
Stevenson T. & Fanshawe J., 2002 – Birds of East Africa: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi. T. & A.D. Poyser, London.
Tarboton W.R., Kemp M.I. & Kemp A.C., 1987 – Birds of the Transvaal. Transvaal Museum, Pretoria.
Telenius A. & Ekström J., 2017 – Lund Museum of Zoology (MZLU). GBIF-Sweden.
Tellería J.L., 1988 – Caracteres generales de la memada de las aves en la Peninsula Iberica. In: Invernada de aves en la Peninsula Iberica. Tellería J.L. (ed.). Monografías de la Sociedad Española de Ornitologia l. SEO. Madrid: 13-22.
Tellería J.L., Asensio B. & Díaz M., 1999 – Aves Ibéricas, vol II. Paseriformes. J.M. Reyero Editor, Madrid.
Ticehurst C.B. & Whistler H., 1932 – On the ornithology of Albania. The Ibis, 74 (1): 40-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1932.tb07607.x
Tissier D., 2015 – La Bergeronnette printanière dans le département du Rhône et Lyon Métropole. LPO Rhône. L’Effraie, 40: 4-26.
Torben W., 1950 – Birds collected by the Atlantide-Expedition to West Africa 1945-46. Atlantide Report, No. 1: 131-149.
Trémolières M., 2010 – Security and environmental variables: The debate and an analysis of links in the Sahel. OECD’s Sahel and West Africa Club Secretariat.
Trombone T., 2013 – AMNH Bird Collection. American Museum of Natural History. Occurrence Dataset <https://doi.org/10.15468/xvzdcm accessed via GBIF.org on 2017-08-03.
Tushabe H., 2015 – National Biodiversity Data Bank. Observation records, 1900-2014. Albertine Rift Conservation Society (ARCOS). Occurrence Dataset <https://doi.org/10.15468/djzgie accessed via GBIF.org on 2017-12-24.
Tyler S. & Christie D.A., 2017 – Western Yellow Wagtail (Motacilla flava). In: Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. del Hoyo J., Elliott A., Sargatal J., Christie D.A. & de Juana E. (eds.). Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved in December 2017)
United Nations, 2008 – An Ecosystem Approach to Restoring West African Drylands and Improving Rural Livelihoods through Agroforestry-based Land Management Interventions. West Africa Drylands Project.
van Oosten H.H. & Emtsev A.A., 2013 – Putative segregation of two Yellow Wagtail taxa by breeding habitat in Western Siberia: possible implications for Motacilla flava taxonomy. Ardea, 101: 65-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5253/078.101.0110
van Someren V.G.L., 1931 – Catalogue of the European and Asiatic migrants to Kenya and Uganda, with brief outline of the subject of migration of birds. The Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society. Special Supplement N. 4, 40 pp. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.122972
Wallace D.I.M., 1955 – The mixing of the races of the Yellow Wagtail in Kenya. British Birds, 48 (8): 337-340.
Walther B.A., van Niekerk A., Thuiller W., Baumann S., Dean W.R.J., de Bruijn B., Gutteridge K., Jones P.J., Nikolaus G., Pearson D.J., Robinson S.P., Salewski V., Schäffer N., Taylor P.B., Tushabe H., Williams P.H. & Rahbek C., 2010 – A database of Western Palearctic birds migrating within Africa to guide conservation decisions. In: Proceedings of the 12th Pan-African Ornithological Congress, 2008. Harebottle D.M., Craig A.J.F.K., Anderson M.D., Rakotomanana H. & Muchai M. (eds.). Cape Town, Animal Demography Unit: 50-104.
Ward D., 2005 – Do we understand the causes of bush encroachment in African savannas? African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 22: 101-105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2989/10220110509485867
Ward M. & Ward Z., 2004 – Gambia 26/11/04 - 10/12/04. <http://www.birdtours.co.uk/tripreports/gambia/gambia22/gamb-04.htm> (retrieved in December 2017)
Wassink A. & Oreel G.J., 2008 – Birds of Kazakhstan: new and interesting data. Dutch Birding, 30: 93-100.
Wassink A., 2009 – Birds of Kazakhstan: new and interesting data, part 2. Dutch Birding, 31 (2): 101-110.
Wassink A., 2015 – The new Birds of Kazakhstan. De Cocksdorp. Texel, Nederland.
Wassink A., 2016 – The Birds of Kazakhstan- NEW(S). <http://birdsofkazakhstan.com/news/
Wells D. & Walsh F., 1969 – Birds of Northern and Central Borgu - Part 3. Bulletin of the Nigerian Ornithologists’ Society, 6: 78-93.
Wernham C.V., Toms M.P., Marchant J.H., Clark J.A., Siriwardena G.M. & Baillie S.R. (eds.), 2002 – The Migration Atlas: movements of the birds of Britain and Ireland. T. & A.D. Poyser, London.
Westermann Schulbuch, 2010 – Diercke International Atlas. Westermann Schulbuch, Braunschweig.
Wigley B.J., Bond W.J. & Hoffman M.T., 2009 – Bush encroachment under three contrasting land-use practices in a mesic South African savanna. African Journal of Ecology, 47 (1): 62-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2008.01051.x
Wigley B.J., Bond W.J. & Hoffman M.T., 2010 – Thicket expansion in a South African savanna under divergent land use: local vs. global drivers? Global Change Biology, 16 (3): 964-976. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02030.x
Wilkinson R.H., 2003 – The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson Ltd, London.
Williams V.L., Cunningham A.B., Bruyns R.K. & Kemp A.C., 2013 – Birds of a Feather: Quantitative Assessments of the Diversity and Levels of Threat to Birds Used in African Traditional Medicine. In: Animals in Traditional Folk Medicine. Alves R. & Rosa I. (eds.), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29026-8_18
Williams V.L., Cunningham A.B., Kemp A.C. & Bruyns R.K., 2014 – Risks to Birds Traded for African Traditional Medicine: A Quantitative Assessment. PLoS ONE, 9 (8): 1-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105397
Williamson K., 1955 – Migrational drift and the Yellow Wagtail complex. British Birds, 48 (9): 383-403.
Wilson A.M. & Vickery J.A., 2005 – Decline in Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava flavissima breeding on lowland wet grassland in England and Wales between 1982 and 2002. Bird Study, 52 (1): 88-92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00063650509461377
Winterbottom J.M., 1968 – A check list of the land and fresh water birds of the Western Cape Province. Annals of the South African Museum, 53: 1-276.
Wolanski P., 2012 – Adverse effects of agrochemicals on migratory waterbirds in Africa. Agreement on the conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds - 5th Session of the meeting of the Parties. MSc Thesis at the International MSc Programme: Agricultural Science and Resource Management in the Tropics and Subtropics, at the Department of Cultural Landscape Ecology and Animal Ecology. Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Germany.
Wood B., 1975 – The Distribution of Races of the Yellow Wagtail Overwintering in Nigeria. Bulletin of the Nigerian Ornithologists’ Society, 11: 19-26.
Wood B., 1976 – The biology of Yellow Wagtails Motacilla flava L. overwintering in Nigeria. University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen.
Wood B., 1978 – Weights of Yellow Wagtails wintering in Nigeria. Ringing & Migration, 2: 20-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03078698.1978.9673730
Wood B., 1979 – Changes in numbers of over-wintering Yellow Wagtails and their food supplies in a West-African Savanna. The Ibis, 121: 228-231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1979.tb04970.x
Wood B., 1982 – The trans-Saharan spring migration of Yellow Wagtails. Zoological Society of London, 197: 267-283. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.1982.197.2.267
Wood B., 1992 – Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava migration from West Africa to Europe: pointers towards a conservation strategy for migrants on passage. The Ibis, 134 (1): 66-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1992.tb04753.x
Wood B., 2002 – Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava. In: The Migration Atlas: movements of the birds of Britain and Ireland. Wernham C.V., Toms M.P., Marchant J.H., Clark J.A., Siriwardena G.M. & Baillie S.R. (eds.). T. & A.D. Poyser, London: 369-372.
Xiong J., Thenkabail P.S., Tilton J.C., Gumma M.K., Teluguntla P., Oliphant A., Congalton R.G., Yadav K. & Gorelick N., 2017 – Nominal 30-m Cropland Extent Map of Continental Africa by Integrating Pixel-Based and Object-Based Algorithms Using Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 Data on Google Earth Engine. Remote Sensing, 9 (10), 1065. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9101065
Zarudny N.A., 1911 – Verzeichnis der Vögel Persiens. Journal für Ornithologie. Leipzig, 59: 185-241. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02091053
Ziervogel G., New M., van Garderen E.A., Midgley G., Taylor A., Hamann R., Stuart-Hill S., Myers J. & Warburton M., 2014 – Climate change impacts and adaptation in South Africa. WIREs Climate Change, 5 (5): 605-620. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.295
Zwarts L., Bijlsma R.G., van der Kamp J. & Wymenga E., 2012 – Les ailes du Sahel - Zones humides et oiseaux migrateurs dans un environnement en mutation. KNNV Publishing, 564 pp. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004278127

How to Cite

Ferlini, F. (2020). Wintering range of western yellow wagtail <em>Motacilla flava</em> in Africa and Europe in a historical perspective. Rivista Italiana Di Ornitologia, 90(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/rio.2020.430

PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.


Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.