Amaranthus emarginatus s.lat. (Amaranthaceae) in Italy

Submitted: 28 October 2023
Accepted: 5 April 2024
Published: 18 April 2024
Abstract Views: 869
PDF: 200
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Authors

Amaranthus emarginatus belongs to the Amaranthus blitum complex, a critical taxonomic group. Within the variability of A. emarginatus, two taxa are often accepted, ‘emarginatus’ and ‘pseudogracilis’, which differ by habitus, synflorescence structure, and leaf size. However, their taxonomic value is debated, and A. emarginatus itself is sometimes included in A. blitum as subspecies. In this paper, molecular, morphological, phytogeographical, and ecological data are discussed to assess the most correct rank of these taxa. We conclude that A. emarginatus deserves specific distinctness from A. blitum, and A. pseudogracilis can be regarded as a subspecies of the former. This choice reflects both the molecular data and geographical distributions of A. blitum and A. emarginatus, i.e., Mediterranean area, Europe, and North Africa for the former vs. neotropics for the latter). Within A. emarginatus, in addition, to the different morphology, A. emarginatus var. pseudogracilis differs also on account of its ecological preferences, because it occurs in warm and humid areas, whereas A. emarginatus var. emarginatus is better adapted to cold and dry habitats. However, since molecular analyses cannot clearly separate the two taxa, we consider the subspecific rank as the most appropriate. We also found a further morphological difference in seed coat ornamentation, hitherto not pointed out: the shape of the peripheral cells is tetragonal in A. emarginatus subsp. pseudogracilis, but polygonal (cells with ≥ 5 sides) in subsp. emarginatus. Distributional maps and status assessment at regional level for the two taxa are provided. According to this revision, A. emarginatus subsp. emarginatus is to be regared as naturalized in central and southern Italy (Latium and Campania, respectively).

Dimensions

Altmetric

PlumX Metrics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Citations

Bartolucci F., Peruzzi L., Galasso G., Albano A., Alessandrini A., Ardenghi N. M. G., Astuti G., Bacchetta G., Ballelli S., Banfi E., Barberis G., Bernardo L., Bouvet D., Bovio M., Cecchi L., Di Pietro R., Domina G., Fascetti S., Fenu G., Festi F., Foggi B., Gallo L., Gottschlich G., Gubellini L., Iamonico D., Iberite M., Jiménez-Mejías P., Lattanzi E., Marchetti D., Martinetto E., Masin R. R., Medagli P., Passalacqua N.G., Peccenini S., Pennesi R., Pierini B., Poldini L., Prosser F., Raimondo F.M., Roma-Marzio F., Rosati L., Santangelo A., Scoppola A., Scortegagna S., Selvaggi A., Selvi F., Soldano A., Stinca A., Wagensommer R. P., Wilhalm T. & Conti F., 2018 – An updated checklist of the vascular flora native to Italy. Plant Biosystems, 152 (2): 179-303. <10.1080/11263504.2017.1419996> DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2017.1419996
Bayón N. D., 2015 – Revisión taxonómica de las especies monoicas de Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae): Amaranthus subg. Amaranthus and Amaranthus subg. Albersia. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 101 (2): 261-383. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3417/2010080
Besnard G., Gaudeul M., Lavergne S., Muller S., Rouhan G., Sukhorukov A. P., Vanderpoorten A. & Jabbour F., 2018 – Herbarium-based science in the twenty-first century. Botany Letters, 165 (3-4): 323-327. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2018.1482783
Brodribb T. J., McAdam S. A. M., Jordan G. J. & Martins S. C. V., 2014 – Conifer species adapt to low-rainfall climates by following one of two divergent pathways. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111 (40): 14489-14493. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1407930111
Carretero J. L. 1985 – Consideraciones sobre las amarantáceas ibéricas. Anales del Jardin Botánico de Madrid, 41 (1984) (2): 271-186.
Costea M., Sanders A. & Waines G., 2001a – Preliminary results towards a revision of the Amaranthus hybridus complex (Amaranthaceae). Sida, 19 (4): 931-974.
Costea M., Sanders A. & Waines G., 2001b – Notes on some little known Amaranthus taxa (Amaranthaceae) in the United States. Sida, 19 (4): 975-992.
Das S., 2016 – Amaranthus: A Promising Crop of Future. Springer Nature, Singapore. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1469-7
Dřevojan P. & Letz D. R., 2016 – Laskavec vykrojený (Amaranthus emarginatus) – nový druh květeny České republiky a poznámky k jeho výskytu na Slovensku, v Maďarsku a Rakousku. [Amaranthus emarginatus – a new species to the flora of the Czech Republic and notes on its occurrence in Slovakia, Hungary and Austria]. Zprávy České botanické společnosti, Praha, 51 (2): 189-209. (In Czech).
Fletcher L. R., Cui H., Callahan H., Scoffoni C., John G. P., Bartlett M. K., Burge D. O. & Sack L., 2018 – Evolution of leaf structure and drought tolerance in species of Californian Ceanothus. American Journal of Botany, 105 (10): 1672-1687. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1164
Galasso G., Conti F., Peruzzi L., Ardenghi N. M. G., Banfi E., Celesti-Grapow L., Albano A., Alessandrini A., Bacchetta G., Ballelli S., Bandini Mazzanti M., Barberis G., Bernardo L., Blasi C., Bouvet D., Bovio M., Cecchi L., Del Guacchio E., Domina G., Fascetti S., Gallo L., Gubellini L., Guiggi A., Iamonico D., Iberite M., Jiménez-Mejías P., Lattanzi E., Marchetti D., Martinetto E., Masin R. R., Medagli P., Passalacqua N.G., Peccenini S., Pennesi R., Pierini B., Podda L., Poldini L., Prosser F., Raimondo F.M., Roma-Marzio F., Rosati L., Santangelo A., Scoppola A., Scortegagna S., Selvaggi A., Selvi F., Soldano A., Stinca A., Wagensommer R. P., Wilhalm T. & Bartolucci F. 2018 – An updated checklist of the vascular flora alien to Italy. Plant Biosystems, 152 (3): 556-592. <https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2018.1441197> DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2018.1441197
Galasso G., Domina G., Adorni M., Angiolini C., Apruzzese M., Ardenghi N. M. G., Assini S., Aversa M., Bacchetta G., Banfi E., Barberis G., Bartolucci F., Bernardo L., Bertolli A., Bonali F., Bonari G., Bonini I., Bracco F., Brundu G., Buccomino G., Buono S., Calvia G., Cambria S., Castagnini P., Ceschin S., Dagnino D., Di Gristina E., Di Turi A., Fascetti S., Ferretti G., Fois M., Gentili R., Gheza G., Gubellini L., Hofmann N., Iamonico D., Ilari A., Király A., Király G., Laface V. L. A., Lallai A., Lazzaro L., Lonati M., Longo D., Lozano V., Lupoletti J., Magrini S., Mainetti A., Manca M., Marchetti D., Mariani F., Mariotti M. G., Masin R. R., Mei G., Menini F., Merli M., Milani A., Minuto L., Mugnai M., Musarella C. M., Olivieri N., Onnis L., Passalacqua N. G., Peccenini S., Peruzzi L., Pica A., Pinzani L., Pittarello M., Podda L., Prosser F., Ravetto Enri S., Roma-Marzio F., Rosati L., Sarigu M., Scafidi F., Sciandrello S., Selvaggi A., Spampinato G., Stinca A., Tavilla G., Toffolo C., Tomasi G., Turcato C., Villano C. & Nepi C., 2020 – Notulae to the Italian alien vascular flora: 9. Italian Botanist, 9: 47-70. <https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.9.53401> DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.9.53401
Greuter W., 1968 – Notulae nomenclaturales et bibliographicae 1-4. Candollea, 23 (1): 81-108.
Hamilton C. W. & Reichard S. H., 1992 – Current Practice in the Use of Subspecies, Variety, and Forma in the Classification of Wild Plants. Taxon, 41 (3): 485-498. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1222819
Hassan W. A., Al-Shaye N. A., Alghamdi S., Korany S. M. & Iamonico D., 2022 – Taxonomic revision of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) in Saudi Arabia. Phytotaxa, 576 (2): 135-157. <https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.576.2.1> DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.576.2.1
Hernández-Ledesma P., Berendsohn W. G., Borsch T., Von Mering S., Akhani H., Arias S., Castañeda-Noa I., Eggli U., Eriksson R., Flores-Olvera H., Fuentes-Bazán S., Kadereit G., Klak C., Korotkova N., Nyffeler R., Ocampo G., Ochoterena H., Oxelman B., Rabeler R. K., Sanchez A., Schlumpberger B. O. & Uotila P., 2015 – A taxonomic backbone for the global sunthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm orden Caryophyllales. Wildenowia, 45 (3): 281-383. <https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301> DOI: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
Hügin G., 1987 – Einige Bemerkungen zu wenig bekannten Amaranthus-Sippen (Amaranthaceae) Mitteleuropas. Willdenowia, 16 (2): 453-478.
Iamonico D., 2014a – Lectotypification of Linnaean names in the genus Amaranthus L. (Amaranthaceae). Taxon, 63: 146-150. <http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/631.34> DOI: https://doi.org/10.12705/631.34
Iamonico D., 2014b – Amaranthus gangeticus (Amaranthaceae), a name incertae sedis. Phytotaxa, 162: 299-300. <http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.162.5.2> DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.162.5.2
Iamonico D., 2015a – Taxonomic revision of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) in Italy. Phytotaxa, 199 (1): 1-84. <https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.199.1.1> DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.199.1.1
Iamonico D., 2015b – Amaranthaceae Juss. In: Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. <http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameCache=Amaranthus&PTRefFk=7300000> (Retrieved on January 2024).
Iamonico D., 2016a – Nomenclature survey of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae). 3. Names linked to the Italian flora. Plant Biosystems, 150 (3): 519-531. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2014.987188> DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2014.987188
Iamonico D., 2016b – Nomenclature survey of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae). 4. Detailed questions arising around the name Amaranthus gracilis. Botanica Serbica, 40 (1): 61-68.
Iamonico D., 2016c – Nomenclature survey of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae). 5. Moquin-Tandon’s names. Phytotaxa, 273 (2): 81-114. <https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.273.2.1> DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.273.2.1
Iamonico D., 2017 – Amaranthus ×romanus (Amaranthaceae), hybr. nov. Phytotaxa, 295 (1): 89-91. <https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.295.1.9> DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.295.1.9
Iamonico D., 2020a – Nomenclature survey of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae s.s.). 8. About Amaranthus polygonoides s.l. and A. anderssonii, two related taxa described from the tropical regions of America with notes on their taxonomy. Acta Botanica Mexicana, 127, e1687. <https://doi.org/10.21829/abm127.2020.1687> DOI: https://doi.org/10.21829/abm127.2020.1687
Iamonico D., 2020b – A nomenclature survey of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae). 7. Wildenow’s names. Willdenowia, 50 (1): 147-155. <https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50114> DOI: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50114
Iamonico D., 2023 – Nomenclature Survey of the Genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae): 12. Questions about Amaranthus caudatus. Plants, 12: 1566. <https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12071566> DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12071566
Iamonico D. & Das S., 2014 – Amaranthus bengalense (Amaranthaceae) a new species from India, with taxonomical notes on A. blitum aggregate. Phytotaxa, 181 (5): 293-300. <http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.4> DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.5.4
Iamonico D. & El Mokni R., 2017 – Amaranthus palmeri (Amaranthaceae) in Tunisia, a second record for the continental African flora and nomenclatural notes on A. sonoriensis nom. nov. pro A. palmeri var. glomeratus. Bothalia, 47 (1), a2100. <https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v47i1.2100> DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v47i1.2100
Iamonico D. & El Mokni R., 2018 – Amaranthus tunetanus (Amaranthaceae), a new species from Tunisia and a diagnostic key to the North African taxa in subgen. Albersia’. South African Journal of Botany, 114: 78-83. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2017.10.011> DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2017.10.011
Iamonico D. & El Mokni R., 2023 – First record of Amaranthus crassipes subsp. warnockii (Amaranthaceae) out of Americas, with nomenclatural notes. Bothalia, 53 (1). <http://dx.doi.org/10.38201/btha.abc.v53.i1.2> DOI: https://doi.org/10.38201/btha.abc.v53.i1.2
Iamonico D. & Galasso G., 2018 – New nomenclatural changes for hybrids of Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae s. str.). Phytotaxa, 340 (2): 195-196. <https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.11> DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.11
Iamonico D. & Palmer J., 2020 – Nomenclature survey of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae). 6. Names linked to the Australian flora. Australian Systematic Botany, 33 (2): 169-173. <https://doi.org/10.1071/SB18062> DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/SB18062
Iamonico D., Lazzeri V., Mazzoncini V. & Sammartino F., 2013 – 0135. Amaranthus blitum L. subsp. emarginatus (Moq. ex Uline & W.L. Bray) Carretero, Muñoz Garm. & Pedrol (Amaranthaceae). Acta Plantarum Notes, 2: 164.
Iamonico D., Fortini P. & Noor Hussain A., 2022 – On the occurrence and naturalization of Amaranthus hypochondriacus (Amaranthaceae) in some european countries, with notes on its climatic features. Hacquetia, 21 (1): 211-222. <https://doi.org/10.2478/hacq-2021-0028> DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/hacq-2021-0028
Index Herbariorum, 2024 [continuously updated] – Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. <http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/> (Retrieved on January 2024).
Info Flora 2024 – Il centro nazionale dei dati e delle informazioni sulla flora svizzera. Papaver dubium L. <https://www.infoflora.ch/it/flora/amaranthus-emarginatus.html> (Retrieved on January 2024).
Lambinon J. E. J., 1993 – Notes brèves sur certaines centuries distribuées dans le fascicule 24. Amaranthus blitum var. emarginatus (Moq.) Lambinon, comb. nov. Bulletin, Société pour l’Échange des Plantes Vasculaires de l’Europe Occidentale et du Bassin Méditerranéen, 24: 55.
Loos G. H., 2010 – Taxonomische Neukombinationen zur Flora Mittelund Osteuropas, insbesondere Nordrhein-Westfalens. Jahrbuch des Bochumer Botanischen Vereins, 1 (3-4): 114-133.
Maire R., 1962 – Flore de l’Afrique du Nord (Maroc, Algérie, Tunisie, Tripolitaine, Cyrénaique et Sahara) VIII. P. Lechevalier, Paris.
Milani A., Panozzo S., Farinati S., Iamonico D., Sattin M., Loddo D. & Scarabel L., 2021 – Discovery of Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson in Italy: Characterization of ALS-Resistant Populations and Sensitivity to Alternative Herbicides. Sustainability, 13 (3), 7003. <https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137003> DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137003
Muñoz Garmendia E. A. & Pedrol J., 1987 – De quaestium culis bibliographícís neglectis inornata miscellanea. III. Anales del Jardin Botánico de Madrid, 44 (2): 599-602.
Musarella C. M., Laface V. L. A., Angiolini C., Bacchetta G., Bajona E., Banfi E., Barone G., Biscotti N., Bonsanto D., Calvia G., Cambria S., Capuano A., Caruso G., Crisafulli A., Del Guacchio E., Di Gristina E., Domina G., Fanfarillo E., Fascetti S., Fiaschi T., Galasso G., Mascia F., Mazzacuva G., Mei G., Minissale P., Motti R., Perrino E. V., Picone R. M., Pinzani L., Podda L., Potenza G., Rosati L., Stinca A., Tavilla G., Villano C., Wagensommer R. P. & Spampinato G., 2024 – New Alien Plant Taxa for Italy and Europe: An Update. Plants, Basel, 13 (5), 620. <https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13050620> DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13050620
Portal to the Flora of Italy, 2024 – Portal to the Flora of Italy. 2023.1. <https://dryades.units.it/floritaly/index.php> (Retrieved on January 2024).
Priszter S., 1953 – Revisio critica specierum generis amaranthi in Hungaria. Agrartudomanyi Egyetem Kert-es Szölészeti Föiskola Évkonyve, 2: 121-262.
Probst R., 1949 – Wolladventivflora Mitteleuropas. Solothurn, Vogt-Schild.
Raus T., 2022 – Taxonomic, nomenclatural and floristic review of Amaranthaceae of Greece and neighbouring countries. Willdenowia, 52 (3): 335-357. <https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.52.52304> DOI: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.52.52304
Sindhu A., Venugopalan Nair Saradamma A. K., Walsan Kalarikkal V. & Iamonico D., 2020 – Amaranthus rajasekharii (Amaranthaceae), a new species from Kerala (SW-India). Phytotaxa, 433 (2): 153-160. <https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.433.2.6> DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.433.2.6
Thellung A., 1912 – La flore adventice de Montpellier. E. Le Malout, Cherbourg. (Pre-print of Mémoires de la Société nationale des sciences naturelles et mathéma tiques de Cherbourg, 38: 57-728). DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12131
Thellung A., 1914 – Amaranthus L. In: Synopsis der Mitteleuropäischen Flora, vol. 5. Ascherson P. & Graebner P. (eds.). Verlag Von Gebrüder Borntraeger, Leipzig: 225-356.
Thiers, 2024+ – A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden's Virtual Herbarium. <http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/> (Retrieved on January 2024).
Turland N. J., Wiersema J. H., Barrie F. R., Greuter W., Hawksworth D. L., Herendeen P. S., Knapp S., Kusber W.-H., Li D.-Z., Marhold K., May T. W., McNeill J., Monro A. M., Prado J., Price M. J. & Smith G. F. (eds.), 2018 – International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum vegetabile, 159: 1-254. <https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018> DOI: https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
Uline E. B. & Bray W. L., 1894 – A preliminary synopsis of the North American species of Amaranthus. Botanical Gazette, 19 (3): 313-320. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/327076
Walter J. & Dobes C., 2004 – Morphological characters, geographic distribution and ecology of neophytic Amaranthus blitum L. subsp. emarginatus in Austria. Annalen des Naturhistorischem Museums in Wien, Serie B für Botanik und Zoologie, 105: 645-672.
Waselkov K. E., Boleda A. S. & Olsen K. M., 2018 – A phylogeny of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) based on several low-copy nuclear loci and chloroplast regions. Systematic Botany, 43 (2): 439-458. <https://doi.org/10.1600/036364418X697193> DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364418X697193
Xu F., Guo W., Xu W., Wei Y. & Wang R., 2009 – Leaf morphology correlates with water and light availability: What consequences for simple and compound leaves? Progress in Natural Science, 19 (12): 1789-1798. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2009.10.001> DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2009.10.001

How to Cite

Iamonico, D., Hussain, A. N., Fortini, P., & Galasso, G. (2024). <i>Amaranthus emarginatus</i> s.lat. (Amaranthaceae) in Italy. Natural History Sciences, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/nhs.2024.728

Similar Articles

<< < 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.